Question 1

Refer to the figure.
  This map supports which of the these observations about circadian rhythms in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans in industrialized societies are no longer entrained by light. 
B)  The effect of light on biological rhythms is fast disappearing. 
C)  People tend to sleep more in northern latitudes. 
D)  There is still evidence that humans are entrained by light. 
A)  Humans in industrialized societies are no longer entrained by light. 
B)  The effect of light on biological rhythms is fast disappearing. 
C)  People tend to sleep more in northern latitudes. 
D)  There is still evidence that humans are entrained by light. D

Question 2

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: tau; Clock; free-running rhythms; circadian; ultradian

Accepted Answer

The circadian clock, also known as the biological clock, regulates the body's internal processes and is driven by the protein tau. This clock controls the body's circadian rhythms, which are the 24-hour cycles that govern our sleep-wake patterns, hormone release, and other physiological processes. These rhythms are not only influenced by external factors such as light and temperature, but also by internal factors, leading to free-running rhythms in the absence of external cues. In addition to circadian rhythms, the body also experiences ultradian rhythms, which are shorter cycles that occur within the 24-hour day, such as the fluctuations in heart rate and hormone levels. Together, these rhythms and the tau protein play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and functioning.

Question 3

Your friend wants to earn high marks in his French class, but he has limited time to study. What strategy would you recommend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Study the material right before the class. 
B)  Study the material just before a good night's sleep. 
C)  Restrict sleep to 6 hours, then study upon awakening. 
D)  Listen to recordings of lectures while sleeping. 
A)  Study the material right before the class. 
B)  Study the material just before a good night's sleep. 
C)  Restrict sleep to 6 hours, then study upon awakening. 
D)  Listen to recordings of lectures while sleeping. B

Question 4

The cerveau isolé preparation involves a cut through the

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  midbrain. 
D)  thalamus. 
A)  spinal cord. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  midbrain. 
D)  thalamus.

Question 5

During sleep, if you see high frequency EEG activity in the posterior cortex in the virtual absence of low frequency waves, you can assume that the person is

Accepted Answer

A)  in slow wave sleep. 
B)  in NREM sleep. 
C)  solving problems in his or her dream. 
D)  having vivid dreams. 
A)  in slow wave sleep. 
B)  in NREM sleep. 
C)  solving problems in his or her dream. 
D)  having vivid dreams.

Question 6

Name and describe the sleep stages of humans, including descriptions of EEG recordings and behavioral observations for each stage.

Accepted Answer

The sleep stages of humans are divided i

Question 7

Compare sleep patterns across various groups of animals, noting, as appropriate, species differences and the possible evolutionary bases for these differences.

Accepted Answer

Sleep patterns vary widely across differ

Question 8

Destruction of the SCN _______ ultradian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  disrupts 
B)  abolishes 
C)  does not affect 
D)  shortens 
A)  disrupts 
B)  abolishes 
C)  does not affect 
D)  shortens

Question 9

Cats with lesions just ventral to the locus coeruleus sometimes

Accepted Answer

A)  stop showing SWS. 
B)  stop showing REM sleep. 
C)  stop showing wakefulness. 
D)  appear to act out their dreams. 
A)  stop showing SWS. 
B)  stop showing REM sleep. 
C)  stop showing wakefulness. 
D)  appear to act out their dreams.

Question 10

Lesions of the SCN _______ circannual cycles.

Accepted Answer

A)  lengthen 
B)  shorten 
C)  abolish 
D)  do not affect 
A)  lengthen 
B)  shorten 
C)  abolish 
D)  do not affect

Question 11

Stage 2 slow-wave sleep is characterized by distinctive wave patterns in the EEG of 12 to 14 Hz called

Accepted Answer

A)  delta waves. 
B)  sleep spindles. 
C)  alpha rhythms. 
D)  vertex spikes. 
A)  delta waves. 
B)  sleep spindles. 
C)  alpha rhythms. 
D)  vertex spikes.

Question 12

It appears that based on findings from EEG of the posterior cortex, dreaming does actually occur during _______sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It appears that based on findings from...

Question 13

Describe two of the major sleep disorders, their apparent causes, and the currently available treatments.

Accepted Answer

Two major sleep disorders are insomnia a

Question 14

Discuss evidence suggesting that there is a genetic molecular pacemaker involved in establishing circadian rhythms and that there are oscillators outside the SCN.

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms are biological process

Question 15

In the typical sleep pattern of healthy young adults, the first REM period of the night may last a few minutes while the last REM period may last

Accepted Answer

A)  up to 40 minutes. 
B)  up to 90 minutes. 
C)  less than 1 minute. 
D)  less than a few seconds. 
A)  up to 40 minutes. 
B)  up to 90 minutes. 
C)  less than 1 minute. 
D)  less than a few seconds.

Question 16

Refer to the figure, showing the typical sleep pattern of an elderly person.
  This pattern shown here is notable because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  relatively long duration of REM sleep. 
B)  short duration of the awakenings. 
C)  eight-hour duration. 
D)  greatly reduced stage-3 sleep. 
A)  relatively long duration of REM sleep. 
B)  short duration of the awakenings. 
C)  eight-hour duration. 
D)  greatly reduced stage-3 sleep.

Question 17

During sleep, almost all mammals alternate between two main states: rapid-eye-movement (or REM) and _______ sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During sleep, almost all mammals alternate between...

Question 18

Unlike in mammals, in birds, the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike in mammals, in birds, the _______...

Question 19

Activity in which part of the cortex most often corresponds with vivid dreaming?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prefrontal cortex 
B)  Anterior cortex 
C)  Posterior cortex 
D)  Dorsolateral cortex 
A)  Prefrontal cortex 
B)  Anterior cortex 
C)  Posterior cortex 
D)  Dorsolateral cortex

Question 20

Matching
-Stage 3 sleep

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleep spindles 
B)  50% delta waves 
C)  15‒20 Hz, desynchronized EEG 
D)  Delta waves, 1 per second 
E)  8‒12 Hz EEG 
A)  Sleep spindles 
B)  50% delta waves 
C)  15‒20 Hz, desynchronized EEG 
D)  Delta waves, 1 per second 
E)  8‒12 Hz EEG

Refer to the figure. This map supports which of the these observations about circadian rhythms in humans?

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: tau; Clock; free-running rhythms; circadian; ultradian

Your friend wants to earn high marks in his French class, but he has limited time to study. What strategy would you recommend?

The cerveau isolé preparation involves a cut through the

During sleep, if you see high frequency EEG activity in the posterior cortex in the virtual absence of low frequency waves, you can assume that the person is

Name and describe the sleep stages of humans, including descriptions of EEG recordings and behavioral observations for each stage.

Compare sleep patterns across various groups of animals, noting, as appropriate, species differences and the possible evolutionary bases for these differences.

Destruction of the SCN _______ ultradian rhythms.

Cats with lesions just ventral to the locus coeruleus sometimes

Lesions of the SCN _______ circannual cycles.

Stage 2 slow-wave sleep is characterized by distinctive wave patterns in the EEG of 12 to 14 Hz called

It appears that based on findings from EEG of the posterior cortex, dreaming does actually occur during _______sleep.

Describe two of the major sleep disorders, their apparent causes, and the currently available treatments.

Discuss evidence suggesting that there is a genetic molecular pacemaker involved in establishing circadian rhythms and that there are oscillators outside the SCN.

In the typical sleep pattern of healthy young adults, the first REM period of the night may last a few minutes while the last REM period may last

Refer to the figure, showing the typical sleep pattern of an elderly person. This pattern shown here is notable because of the

During sleep, almost all mammals alternate between two main states: rapid-eye-movement (or REM) and _______ sleep.

Unlike in mammals, in birds, the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

Activity in which part of the cortex most often corresponds with vivid dreaming?

Matching -Stage 3 sleep

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 14: Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Refer to the figure. This map supports which of the these observations about circadian rhythms in humans?

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: tau; Clock; free-running rhythms; circadian; ultradian

Your friend wants to earn high marks in his French class, but he has limited time to study. What strategy would you recommend?

The cerveau isolé preparation involves a cut through the

During sleep, if you see high frequency EEG activity in the posterior cortex in the virtual absence of low frequency waves, you can assume that the person is

Name and describe the sleep stages of humans, including descriptions of EEG recordings and behavioral observations for each stage.

Compare sleep patterns across various groups of animals, noting, as appropriate, species differences and the possible evolutionary bases for these differences.

Destruction of the SCN _______ ultradian rhythms.

Cats with lesions just ventral to the locus coeruleus sometimes

Lesions of the SCN _______ circannual cycles.

Stage 2 slow-wave sleep is characterized by distinctive wave patterns in the EEG of 12 to 14 Hz called

It appears that based on findings from EEG of the posterior cortex, dreaming does actually occur during _______sleep.

Describe two of the major sleep disorders, their apparent causes, and the currently available treatments.

Discuss evidence suggesting that there is a genetic molecular pacemaker involved in establishing circadian rhythms and that there are oscillators outside the SCN.

In the typical sleep pattern of healthy young adults, the first REM period of the night may last a few minutes while the last REM period may last

Refer to the figure, showing the typical sleep pattern of an elderly person. This pattern shown here is notable because of the

During sleep, almost all mammals alternate between two main states: rapid-eye-movement (or REM) and _______ sleep.

Unlike in mammals, in birds, the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

Activity in which part of the cortex most often corresponds with vivid dreaming?

Matching -Stage 3 sleep

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters