Question 1

The spatial-frequency filter model is used in studying responses to

Accepted Answer

A)  an edge or a bar. 
B)  two lines meeting at an angle. 
C)  bars of a particular length. 
D)  spacing of stimuli. 
A)  an edge or a bar. 
B)  two lines meeting at an angle. 
C)  bars of a particular length. 
D)  spacing of stimuli. D

Question 2

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: trichromatic hypothesis; spectrally opponent cells; opponent-process hypothesis; cone pigments.

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic hypothesis proposes that color vision is based on the activity of three different types of cone cells in the retina, each sensitive to a different range of wavelengths. These cone cells contain different pigments that allow them to respond to different colors of light. The opponent-process hypothesis suggests that the perception of color is based on the activity of spectrally opponent cells in the visual system, which are sensitive to pairs of complementary colors (e.g. red-green, blue-yellow). These opponent cells receive input from the cone pigments and are responsible for the perception of color contrasts and afterimages. The cone pigments, located in the cone cells, are responsible for absorbing different wavelengths of light and transmitting this information to the brain for processing. Together, these concepts help to explain how the visual system processes and perceives color.

Question 3

Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  an action potential 
B)  rhodopsin 
C)  a graded depolarization 
D)  a graded hyperpolarization 
A)  an action potential 
B)  rhodopsin 
C)  a graded depolarization 
D)  a graded hyperpolarization D

Question 4

Current visual research supports which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trichromatic 
B)  Opponent-process 
C)  Bichromatic 
D)  Trichromatic and opponent-process 
A)  Trichromatic 
B)  Opponent-process 
C)  Bichromatic 
D)  Trichromatic and opponent-process

Question 5

Identify and describe the cells of the retina, and discuss the pattern of their interconnections.

Accepted Answer

The retina contains several types of cel

Question 6

Visual cortical areas outside the primary visual cortex are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  extrastriate cortex. 
B)  striate cortex. 
C)  V1. 
D)  occipital cortex. 
A)  extrastriate cortex. 
B)  striate cortex. 
C)  V1. 
D)  occipital cortex.

Question 7

Discuss the topographic map of visual information on the cortex and how it relates to the impact of damage to parts of the visual system.

Accepted Answer

The representation of images on the reti

Question 8

Describe the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways, and discuss the extent to which they are separate from each other.

Accepted Answer

The magnocellular and parvocellular visu

Question 9

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: adaptation; calcium; opsin; retinal.

Accepted Answer

Adaptation is the process by which an or

Question 10

The cortical region _______ is especially rich in color-sensitive cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  V1 
B)  V2 
C)  V4 
D)  V5 
A)  V1 
B)  V2 
C)  V4 
D)  V5

Question 11

The visual cortical region _______ cortex contains many cells that respond to highly specific stimuli, such as complex forms and faces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The visual cortical region _______ cortex contains...

Question 12

The dorsal stream system of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _______, whereas the ventral stream of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  what; where 
B)  who; when 
C)  where; what 
D)  when; who 
A)  what; where 
B)  who; when 
C)  where; what 
D)  when; who

Question 13

Simple cortical visual cells are most likely to be activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  bars of particular width, orientation, and location in the visual field. 
B)  movement of a bar or edge. 
C)  a boundary between two hues. 
D)  bars of a particular size and orientation, anywhere in the visual field. 
A)  bars of particular width, orientation, and location in the visual field. 
B)  movement of a bar or edge. 
C)  a boundary between two hues. 
D)  bars of a particular size and orientation, anywhere in the visual field.

Question 14

Describe the two types of macular degeneration. What is the experimental evidence suggesting that transplantation of photoreceptors may be a viable procedure to restore blindness in those who have had damage to photoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

Macular degeneration is a condition that

Question 15

The relationship between the number of visual receptor cells to the number of ganglion cells demonstrates _______ of information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relationship between the number of visual...

Question 16

Inhibitors of the neurotransmitter _______ cause the pupil of the eye to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine; dilate 
B)  norepinephrine; constrict 
C)  acetylcholine; constrict 
D)  GABA; dilate 
A)  acetylcholine; dilate 
B)  norepinephrine; constrict 
C)  acetylcholine; constrict 
D)  GABA; dilate

Question 17

Matching
-Cornea _____

Accepted Answer

A)  Contain(s) photopigments 
B)  First structure(s) to refract light entering the eye 
C)  Regulate(s) the amount of light entering the eye 
D)  Change(s) the shape of the lens 
A)  Contain(s) photopigments 
B)  First structure(s) to refract light entering the eye 
C)  Regulate(s) the amount of light entering the eye 
D)  Change(s) the shape of the lens

Question 18

When struck by photons, rhodopsin molecules dissociate into retinal and _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When struck by photons, rhodopsin molecules dissociate...

Question 19

The photoreceptor substance phosphodiesterase

Accepted Answer

A)  activates transducin. 
B)  reduces cGMP concentrations. 
C)  opens sodium channels. 
D)  captures a single quantum of light. 
A)  activates transducin. 
B)  reduces cGMP concentrations. 
C)  opens sodium channels. 
D)  captures a single quantum of light.

Question 20

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: rhodopsin; transducin; phosphodiesterase; cGMP; ion channels; generator potential.

Accepted Answer

Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive protein f

The spatial-frequency filter model is used in studying responses to

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: trichromatic hypothesis; spectrally opponent cells; opponent-process hypothesis; cone pigments.

Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor.

Current visual research supports which of the following theories?

Identify and describe the cells of the retina, and discuss the pattern of their interconnections.

Visual cortical areas outside the primary visual cortex are referred to as

Discuss the topographic map of visual information on the cortex and how it relates to the impact of damage to parts of the visual system.

Describe the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways, and discuss the extent to which they are separate from each other.

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: adaptation; calcium; opsin; retinal.

The cortical region _______ is especially rich in color-sensitive cells.

The visual cortical region _______ cortex contains many cells that respond to highly specific stimuli, such as complex forms and faces.

The dorsal stream system of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _, whereas the ventral stream of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _.

Simple cortical visual cells are most likely to be activated by

Describe the two types of macular degeneration. What is the experimental evidence suggesting that transplantation of photoreceptors may be a viable procedure to restore blindness in those who have had damage to photoreceptors?

The relationship between the number of visual receptor cells to the number of ganglion cells demonstrates _______ of information.

Inhibitors of the neurotransmitter _ cause the pupil of the eye to _.

Matching -Cornea _____

When struck by photons, rhodopsin molecules dissociate into retinal and _______.

The photoreceptor substance phosphodiesterase

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: rhodopsin; transducin; phosphodiesterase; cGMP; ion channels; generator potential.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 10: Vision: From Eye to Brain

The spatial-frequency filter model is used in studying responses to

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: trichromatic hypothesis; spectrally opponent cells; opponent-process hypothesis; cone pigments.

Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor.

Current visual research supports which of the following theories?

Identify and describe the cells of the retina, and discuss the pattern of their interconnections.

Visual cortical areas outside the primary visual cortex are referred to as

Discuss the topographic map of visual information on the cortex and how it relates to the impact of damage to parts of the visual system.

Describe the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways, and discuss the extent to which they are separate from each other.

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: adaptation; calcium; opsin; retinal.

The cortical region _______ is especially rich in color-sensitive cells.

The visual cortical region _______ cortex contains many cells that respond to highly specific stimuli, such as complex forms and faces.

The dorsal stream system of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _______, whereas the ventral stream of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _______.

Simple cortical visual cells are most likely to be activated by

Describe the two types of macular degeneration. What is the experimental evidence suggesting that transplantation of photoreceptors may be a viable procedure to restore blindness in those who have had damage to photoreceptors?

The relationship between the number of visual receptor cells to the number of ganglion cells demonstrates _______ of information.

Inhibitors of the neurotransmitter _______ cause the pupil of the eye to _______.

Matching -Cornea _____

When struck by photons, rhodopsin molecules dissociate into retinal and _______.

The photoreceptor substance phosphodiesterase

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: rhodopsin; transducin; phosphodiesterase; cGMP; ion channels; generator potential.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

The dorsal stream system of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _, whereas the ventral stream of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about _.

Inhibitors of the neurotransmitter _ cause the pupil of the eye to _.