Question 1

In the process of associative recognition, __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an APC must display both CD4 and CD8 coreceptors 
B)  the neoantigen is bound by both the TCR and a coreptor 
C)  both the TCR variable region and cytosolic domains must bind the neoantigen 
D)  the MHC portion of the neoantigen binds the CD3 portion of the T cell receptor while the processed antigenic fragment binds the coreceptor 
A)  an APC must display both CD4 and CD8 coreceptors 
B)  the neoantigen is bound by both the TCR and a coreptor 
C)  both the TCR variable region and cytosolic domains must bind the neoantigen 
D)  the MHC portion of the neoantigen binds the CD3 portion of the T cell receptor while the processed antigenic fragment binds the coreceptor

Question 2

Clonal selection and expansion involves ____________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of pathogen to antigen receptors on lymphocytes, initiating rapid lymphocyte mitosis 
B)  the generation of a lymphocyte army all having the same epitope specificity 
C)  eventual pathogen elimination by effector cells 
D)  future host protection by memory cells disseminated throughout the body and ready to respond to pathogen invasion 
A)  binding of pathogen to antigen receptors on lymphocytes, initiating rapid lymphocyte mitosis 
B)  the generation of a lymphocyte army all having the same epitope specificity 
C)  eventual pathogen elimination by effector cells 
D)  future host protection by memory cells disseminated throughout the body and ready to respond to pathogen invasion

Question 3

Which of the following statements about antibodies is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study of antibodies is known as serology because they are found in serum. 
B)  Antibodies are members of the alpha-globulin class of blood proteins. 
C)  Because they participate in immune responses, antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins. 
D)  The basic structure of an antibody is Y-shaped. 
A)  The study of antibodies is known as serology because they are found in serum. 
B)  Antibodies are members of the alpha-globulin class of blood proteins. 
C)  Because they participate in immune responses, antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins. 
D)  The basic structure of an antibody is Y-shaped.

Question 4

__________ inhibit autoimmunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  TH1 cells 
B)  TH2 
C)  TC cells 
D)  TR cells 
A)  TH1 cells 
B)  TH2 
C)  TC cells 
D)  TR cells

Question 5

Which part of an antibody participates in actual antigen binding?

Accepted Answer

A)  the hinge region with its disulfide bridges. 
B)  the light chains of the constant region 
C)  the constant region of the heavy chains at the carboxy termini 
D)  the variable regions at the amine termini 
A)  the hinge region with its disulfide bridges. 
B)  the light chains of the constant region 
C)  the constant region of the heavy chains at the carboxy termini 
D)  the variable regions at the amine termini

Question 6

Indicate the correct order of events in the processing of phagocytized antigens.
1) CD4 coreceptor attaches to the neoantigen.
2) a transport vesicle from the ER forms carrying a Class II MHC molecule.
3) degradation of phagocytized proteins in a phagolysosome.
4) neoantigen binding to the receptor of a TH cell.
5) fusion of ER vesicle and phagolysosome allows neoantigen formation

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
B)  4, 2, 1, 5, 3 
C)  3, 2, 1, 4, 5 
D)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
A)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
B)  4, 2, 1, 5, 3 
C)  3, 2, 1, 4, 5 
D)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1

Question 7

The indicated skin lesion denoting a positive Mantoux Test result is known as a(n) ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bulla 
B)  hive 
C)  induration 
D)  papule 
A)  bulla 
B)  hive 
C)  induration 
D)  papule

Question 8

___________ refers to antibody binding to pathogens and toxins, blocking their attachment to host cell receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement activation 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 
A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement activation 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 9

___________ causes antibody attachment to infected host cells, triggering release of granzymes that mediate cell death.

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement activation 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 
A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement activation 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 10

A phagocytized antigen _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is processed by a proteasome 
B)  undergoes enzymatic degradation before binding with a Class II MHC molecule 
C)  will be presented to a TH cell once processed and combined with a Class I MHC molecule 
D)  is usually a virus 
A)  is processed by a proteasome 
B)  undergoes enzymatic degradation before binding with a Class II MHC molecule 
C)  will be presented to a TH cell once processed and combined with a Class I MHC molecule 
D)  is usually a virus

Question 11

__________ have long cytoplasmic tails to initiate intracellular signaling following neoantigen binding to a T cell receptor? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  α/β chains 
B)  CD3 chains 
C)  zeta chains 
D)  CR2 
A)  α/β chains 
B)  CD3 chains 
C)  zeta chains 
D)  CR2

Question 12

The hallmark feature of T-cell activation is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the unique binding of the TCR to a processed antigen 
B)  the unique binding of the TCR to a neoantigen 
C)  the combination of associative recognition plus signal transmission 
D)  initiation of signal activation 
A)  the unique binding of the TCR to a processed antigen 
B)  the unique binding of the TCR to a neoantigen 
C)  the combination of associative recognition plus signal transmission 
D)  initiation of signal activation

Question 13

The _______ antibody class is the largest.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE

Question 14

A ____________ is the complex of a MHC molecule with an antigen fragment and interacts with T cell receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4 
B)  C4b 
C)  neoantigen 
D)  hapten 
A)  CD4 
B)  C4b 
C)  neoantigen 
D)  hapten

Question 15

How do autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate Class II MCH phagocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 1. 
B)  During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate lymphocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 2. 
C)  There is an error during clonal expansion that generates an over-abundance of non-specific lymphocytes. 
D)  During clonal deletion, the TREG cells that suppress the development of autoimmune diseases are accidentally eliminated. 
A)  During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate Class II MCH phagocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 1. 
B)  During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate lymphocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 2. 
C)  There is an error during clonal expansion that generates an over-abundance of non-specific lymphocytes. 
D)  During clonal deletion, the TREG cells that suppress the development of autoimmune diseases are accidentally eliminated.

Question 16

_______is the antibody class with the highest rate of production.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE

Question 17

Which pair of ligands is not matched correctly?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD40/CR2 
B)  CD40/CD40L 
C)  B7/CD28 
D)  TCR/neoantigen 
A)  CD40/CR2 
B)  CD40/CD40L 
C)  B7/CD28 
D)  TCR/neoantigen

Question 18

B and T lymphocytes mature in the ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph nodes 
B)  spleen 
C)  primary lymphoid tissues 
D)  secondary lymphoid tissues 
A)  lymph nodes 
B)  spleen 
C)  primary lymphoid tissues 
D)  secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 19

__________ stimulate IgG production.

Accepted Answer

A)  TH1 cells 
B)  TH2 
C)  TC cells 
D)  TR cells 
A)  TH1 cells 
B)  TH2 
C)  TC cells 
D)  TR cells

Question 20

___________ triggers microbial lysis and enhances inflammation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement activation 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 
A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement activation 
C)  Neutralization 
D)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Exam 14: Adaptive Immunity

In the process of associative recognition, __________________.

Clonal selection and expansion involves ____________. (Select all that apply)

Which of the following statements about antibodies is false?

__________ inhibit autoimmunity.

Which part of an antibody participates in actual antigen binding?

The indicated skin lesion denoting a positive Mantoux Test result is known as a(n) ______________.

___________ refers to antibody binding to pathogens and toxins, blocking their attachment to host cell receptors.

___________ causes antibody attachment to infected host cells, triggering release of granzymes that mediate cell death.

A phagocytized antigen _______________.

__________ have long cytoplasmic tails to initiate intracellular signaling following neoantigen binding to a T cell receptor? (Select all that apply)

The hallmark feature of T-cell activation is __________________.

The _______ antibody class is the largest.

A ____________ is the complex of a MHC molecule with an antigen fragment and interacts with T cell receptors.

How do autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis develop?

_______is the antibody class with the highest rate of production.

Which pair of ligands is not matched correctly?

B and T lymphocytes mature in the ______________.

__________ stimulate IgG production.

___________ triggers microbial lysis and enhances inflammation.

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

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