Question 1

In the illustration below, what is the function of item r?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bind to single stranded DNA to keep the separated strands from reannealing. 
B)  Separate the DNA strands. 
C)  Make a DNA copy of the template strand of DNA. 
D)  Remove supercoils that form as a result of unwinding the DNA double helix. 
A)  Bind to single stranded DNA to keep the separated strands from reannealing. 
B)  Separate the DNA strands. 
C)  Make a DNA copy of the template strand of DNA. 
D)  Remove supercoils that form as a result of unwinding the DNA double helix.

Question 2

________ is (are) produced by ________ when a DNA sequence containing insertion sequences is inserted into a new location causing inactivation of a gene or a change in gene regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous mutations; transformation 
B)  Induced mutations; transduction 
C)  Polygenic variation; transposition 
D)  Genetic variation; transposition 
A)  Spontaneous mutations; transformation 
B)  Induced mutations; transduction 
C)  Polygenic variation; transposition 
D)  Genetic variation; transposition

Question 3

In the illustration below, what is the function of item u?

Accepted Answer

A)  Make an RNA primer. 
B)  Separate the DNA strands. 
C)  Make a DNA copy of the template strand of DNA. 
D)  Link Okazaki fragments together. 
A)  Make an RNA primer. 
B)  Separate the DNA strands. 
C)  Make a DNA copy of the template strand of DNA. 
D)  Link Okazaki fragments together.

Question 4

What step of the elongation of protein synthesis preceded the illustration shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aminoacyl-tRNA selection 
B)  Translocation 
C)  Peptide transfer 
D)  Removal of an unacylated tRNA from the E site 
A)  Aminoacyl-tRNA selection 
B)  Translocation 
C)  Peptide transfer 
D)  Removal of an unacylated tRNA from the E site

Question 5

The P site on the ribosome is where ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidyl-tRNA is parked before it transfers its peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  a tRNA without an amino acid attached exits the ribosome 
C)  aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome 
D)  mRNA attaches to the ribosome 
A)  peptidyl-tRNA is parked before it transfers its peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  a tRNA without an amino acid attached exits the ribosome 
C)  aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome 
D)  mRNA attaches to the ribosome

Question 6

What process is shown in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleotide excision repair of a thymine dimer. 
B)  DNA replication. 
C)  Photolyase repair of a thymine dimer. 
D)  DNA polymerase I repair of a thymine dimer. 
A)  Nucleotide excision repair of a thymine dimer. 
B)  DNA replication. 
C)  Photolyase repair of a thymine dimer. 
D)  DNA polymerase I repair of a thymine dimer.

Question 7

What is the correct order of events that occur during the elongation stage of translation?
1) the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA with complementary anticodon fills the A site
2) the growing peptide on the peptidyl-tRNA in the P site is transferred to an aminoacyl-tRNA to make a peptide that is now one amino acid longer
3) translocation occurs in which the mRNA slides along the ribosome one codon in the 5' direction.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,3 
B)  1,3,2 
C)  3,1,2 
D)  2,1,3 
A)  1,2,3 
B)  1,3,2 
C)  3,1,2 
D)  2,1,3

Question 8

The basic structure of the double DNA helix includes ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  two separate nucleotide helices twisted together 
B)  strands are held together by nitrogen-containing base pairs bonded together via hydrogen bonds 
C)  complementary pairing of nitrogen-containing base pairs with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine with guanine 
D)  polynucleotide chains running parallel to each other 
A)  two separate nucleotide helices twisted together 
B)  strands are held together by nitrogen-containing base pairs bonded together via hydrogen bonds 
C)  complementary pairing of nitrogen-containing base pairs with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine with guanine 
D)  polynucleotide chains running parallel to each other

Question 9

Which statement is correct concerning the illustration below? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  The repressor protein is inactivated by binding to lactose. 
B)  The repressor protein binds with high affinity to the promoter sequence. 
C)  Transcription of the structural genes is not inhibited. 
D)  The inactive repressor protein binds to the promotor sequence allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the structural genes. 
A)  The repressor protein is inactivated by binding to lactose. 
B)  The repressor protein binds with high affinity to the promoter sequence. 
C)  Transcription of the structural genes is not inhibited. 
D)  The inactive repressor protein binds to the promotor sequence allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the structural genes.

Question 10

Production of multiple identical copies of a recombinant gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene cloning 
B)  Recombinant DNA technology 
C)  Restriction enzymology 
D)  Formation of a viral vector 
A)  Gene cloning 
B)  Recombinant DNA technology 
C)  Restriction enzymology 
D)  Formation of a viral vector

Question 11

Nitrosamines/nitrosamides ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pesticides on foods, tobacco smoke and diesel engine exhaust 
B)  carbon-containing fuels, cigarette smoke, meat cooked at high temperatures 
C)  embalming fluids and volatile gases from paints, floor finishes and cigarette smoke 
D)  by-products from manufacture of some cosmetics, pesticides and most rubber products 
A)  pesticides on foods, tobacco smoke and diesel engine exhaust 
B)  carbon-containing fuels, cigarette smoke, meat cooked at high temperatures 
C)  embalming fluids and volatile gases from paints, floor finishes and cigarette smoke 
D)  by-products from manufacture of some cosmetics, pesticides and most rubber products

Question 12

Embalming fluids and volatile gases from paints, floor finishes and cigarette smoke ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  polyaromatic hydrocarbons 
B)  nitrosamines/nitrosamides 
C)  aromatic amines 
D)  formaldehyde 
A)  polyaromatic hydrocarbons 
B)  nitrosamines/nitrosamides 
C)  aromatic amines 
D)  formaldehyde

Question 13

What initiates the termination of the translation process?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a stop codon on the mRNA enters the A site. 
B)  When a stop codon on the mRNA enters the P site. 
C)  When a stop codon on the mRNA enters the E site. 
D)  When a release factor binds to the peptidyl-tRNA causing its dissociation from the ribosome. 
A)  When a stop codon on the mRNA enters the A site. 
B)  When a stop codon on the mRNA enters the P site. 
C)  When a stop codon on the mRNA enters the E site. 
D)  When a release factor binds to the peptidyl-tRNA causing its dissociation from the ribosome.

Question 14

The applications of genomics includes which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Early detection of genetic predispositions to disease. 
B)  An individual's expected reaction to drugs. 
C)  Determination of the risk of disease influenced by a polygenic trait. 
D)  Recommendation of lifestyle modifications that may reduce the risk of genetically-based disease. 
A)  Early detection of genetic predispositions to disease. 
B)  An individual's expected reaction to drugs. 
C)  Determination of the risk of disease influenced by a polygenic trait. 
D)  Recommendation of lifestyle modifications that may reduce the risk of genetically-based disease.

Question 15

Codons are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  part of a tRNA molecule 
B)  small, self-replicating rings of DNA found in some bacteria 
C)  the entire genetic makeup of an organism 
D)  sets of three nucleotides making up the coding portion of mRNA 
A)  part of a tRNA molecule 
B)  small, self-replicating rings of DNA found in some bacteria 
C)  the entire genetic makeup of an organism 
D)  sets of three nucleotides making up the coding portion of mRNA

Question 16

In the illustration below, what structure is labeled z?

Accepted Answer

A)  An aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  A peptidyl-tRNA 
C)  A tRNA 
D)  An rRNA 
A)  An aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  A peptidyl-tRNA 
C)  A tRNA 
D)  An rRNA

Question 17

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pesticides on foods, tobacco smoke and diesel engine exhaust 
B)  carbon-containing fuels, cigarette smoke, and meat cooked at high temperatures 
C)  embalming fluids and volatile gases from paints, floor finishes and cigarette smoke 
D)  by-products from manufacture of some cosmetics, pesticides and most rubber products 
A)  pesticides on foods, tobacco smoke and diesel engine exhaust 
B)  carbon-containing fuels, cigarette smoke, and meat cooked at high temperatures 
C)  embalming fluids and volatile gases from paints, floor finishes and cigarette smoke 
D)  by-products from manufacture of some cosmetics, pesticides and most rubber products

Question 18

In the illustration below, the item marked x is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the coding strand of DNA 
B)  the template strand of DNA 
C)  an Okazaki fragment of DNA 
D)  the protein coding region of a gene 
A)  the coding strand of DNA 
B)  the template strand of DNA 
C)  an Okazaki fragment of DNA 
D)  the protein coding region of a gene

Question 19

In the illustration below, what is the function of item q?

Accepted Answer

A)  Make an RNA primer. 
B)  Separate the strands of the DNA double helix. 
C)  Make a DNA copy of the template strand of DNA. 
D)  Bind to single stranded DNA to keep the separated strands from reannealing. 
A)  Make an RNA primer. 
B)  Separate the strands of the DNA double helix. 
C)  Make a DNA copy of the template strand of DNA. 
D)  Bind to single stranded DNA to keep the separated strands from reannealing.

Question 20

The E site on the ribosome is where ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidyl-tRNA is parked before it transfers its peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  a tRNA without an amino acid attached exits the ribosome 
C)  aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome 
D)  mRNA attaches to the ribosome 
A)  peptidyl-tRNA is parked before it transfers its peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA 
B)  a tRNA without an amino acid attached exits the ribosome 
C)  aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome 
D)  mRNA attaches to the ribosome

Exam 10: Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

In the illustration below, what is the function of item r?

________ is (are) produced by ________ when a DNA sequence containing insertion sequences is inserted into a new location causing inactivation of a gene or a change in gene regulation.

In the illustration below, what is the function of item u?

What step of the elongation of protein synthesis preceded the illustration shown?

The P site on the ribosome is where ________.

What process is shown in the illustration?

The basic structure of the double DNA helix includes ________. (Select all that apply)

Which statement is correct concerning the illustration below? (Select all that apply)

Production of multiple identical copies of a recombinant gene.

Nitrosamines/nitrosamides ________.

Embalming fluids and volatile gases from paints, floor finishes and cigarette smoke ________.

What initiates the termination of the translation process?

The applications of genomics includes which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Codons are ________.

In the illustration below, what structure is labeled z?

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ________.

In the illustration below, the item marked x is ________.

In the illustration below, what is the function of item q?

The E site on the ribosome is where ________.

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

Filters

is (are) produced by when a DNA sequence containing insertion sequences is inserted into a new location causing inactivation of a gene or a change in gene regulation.