Question 1

What type of bacteria uses conjugation most frequently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  Gram-positive bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes. 
C)  Acid-fast bacteria in the respiratory system. 
D)  Endospore-forming bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. 
A)  Gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  Gram-positive bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes. 
C)  Acid-fast bacteria in the respiratory system. 
D)  Endospore-forming bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 2

Which of the following matching of terms is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genome/all the genetic information in an organism. 
B)  Translation/ribosomes translate the genetic code found in rRNA. 
C)  Genes/units of heredity that code for production of either RNA or protein. 
D)  Transcription/RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. 
A)  Genome/all the genetic information in an organism. 
B)  Translation/ribosomes translate the genetic code found in rRNA. 
C)  Genes/units of heredity that code for production of either RNA or protein. 
D)  Transcription/RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

Question 3

The function of DNA polymerase I is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of RNA primers 
B)  unwinding double-stranded DNA 
C)  linking Okazaki fragments together 
D)  to remove and replace RNA primers with nucleotides 
A)  synthesis of RNA primers 
B)  unwinding double-stranded DNA 
C)  linking Okazaki fragments together 
D)  to remove and replace RNA primers with nucleotides

Question 4

When does most of the regulation of gene expression occur in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  During termination of transcription. 
B)  After termination of transcription. 
C)  During initiation of transcription. 
D)  During elongation of transcription. 
A)  During termination of transcription. 
B)  After termination of transcription. 
C)  During initiation of transcription. 
D)  During elongation of transcription.

Question 5

Pesticides on foods, tobacco smoke and diesel engine exhaust ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  polyaromatic hydrocarbons 
B)  nitrosamines/nitrosamides 
C)  aromatic amines 
D)  formaldehyde 
A)  polyaromatic hydrocarbons 
B)  nitrosamines/nitrosamides 
C)  aromatic amines 
D)  formaldehyde

Question 6

A point mutation can be a ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  silent mutation resulting in no effect on protein structure 
B)  missense mutation resulting in a change in one amino acid in a protein 
C)  nonsense mutation that results in an amino-acid coding codon changed to a termination codon 
D)  frameshift mutation caused by addition or deletion of a base pair that results in a shift in the reading frame of the mRNA causing a change in all amino acids occurring after the frameshift 
A)  silent mutation resulting in no effect on protein structure 
B)  missense mutation resulting in a change in one amino acid in a protein 
C)  nonsense mutation that results in an amino-acid coding codon changed to a termination codon 
D)  frameshift mutation caused by addition or deletion of a base pair that results in a shift in the reading frame of the mRNA causing a change in all amino acids occurring after the frameshift

Question 7

Which of the following pertain to the transcription part of protein synthesis ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm 
B)  occurs before translation 
C)  requires RNA polymerase 
D)  requires a template DNA strand 
A)  occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm 
B)  occurs before translation 
C)  requires RNA polymerase 
D)  requires a template DNA strand

Question 8

Major differences between DNA and RNA include all of these except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA uses nucleotides containing uracil while RNA uses nucleotides containing thymine 
B)  DNA is usually found in a double helix while RNA usually is single-stranded 
C)  DNA has nucleotides containing deoxyribose while RNA has nucleotides containing ribose 
D)  the nucleotide sequences found in DNA are used for self-replication, while the nucleotide sequence in RNA is used to direct protein synthesis 
A)  DNA uses nucleotides containing uracil while RNA uses nucleotides containing thymine 
B)  DNA is usually found in a double helix while RNA usually is single-stranded 
C)  DNA has nucleotides containing deoxyribose while RNA has nucleotides containing ribose 
D)  the nucleotide sequences found in DNA are used for self-replication, while the nucleotide sequence in RNA is used to direct protein synthesis

Question 9

tRNA ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a sequence of ribonucleotides that carries codons that are transcribed into a protein 
B)  participates in various regulatory functions 
C)  is structural components of ribosomes 
D)  is involved in translation by carrying amino acids to ribosomes 
A)  is a sequence of ribonucleotides that carries codons that are transcribed into a protein 
B)  participates in various regulatory functions 
C)  is structural components of ribosomes 
D)  is involved in translation by carrying amino acids to ribosomes

Question 10

The illustration shows the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition 
A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition

Question 11

Movement and insertion of DNA segments to new positions within chromosome or plasmid ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition 
A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition

Question 12

What is the function of the structure labeled y in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remove a short section of DNA containing a thymine dimer. 
B)  Replace nucleotides in a gap in the DNA sequence. 
C)  Link together a nick in the sugar-phosphate backbone. 
D)  Synthesize DNA on the leading strand during DNA replication. 
A)  Remove a short section of DNA containing a thymine dimer. 
B)  Replace nucleotides in a gap in the DNA sequence. 
C)  Link together a nick in the sugar-phosphate backbone. 
D)  Synthesize DNA on the leading strand during DNA replication.

Question 13

What structure is labeled z in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase I 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  Photolyase 
D)  Endonuclease 
A)  DNA polymerase I 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  Photolyase 
D)  Endonuclease

Question 14

The codon sequence 5'-UGG-3' found within the protein-coding region of an mRNA codes for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the anticodon 5'-UGG-3' 
B)  the anticodon 3'-UGG-5 
C)  the amino acid trp 
D)  The amino acid gly 
A)  the anticodon 5'-UGG-3' 
B)  the anticodon 3'-UGG-5 
C)  the amino acid trp 
D)  The amino acid gly

Question 15

Which enzyme directly repairs pyrimidine dimers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photolyase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  Endonuclease 
D)  DNA polymerase I 
A)  Photolyase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  Endonuclease 
D)  DNA polymerase I

Question 16

The function of DNA Helicase is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA proofreading 
B)  unwinding double-stranded DNA 
C)  linking Okazaki fragments together 
D)  to remove and replace RNA primers with nucleotides 
A)  DNA proofreading 
B)  unwinding double-stranded DNA 
C)  linking Okazaki fragments together 
D)  to remove and replace RNA primers with nucleotides

Question 17

Shotgun sequencing involves all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  using computer software to reassemble short DNA sequences into the original DNA sequence 
B)  breaking apart multiple copies of a large sequence into smaller random parts 
C)  sequencing hundreds of thousands of small DNA fragments sequentially 
D)  reassembling the original sequence by aligning the overlapping sequences 
A)  using computer software to reassemble short DNA sequences into the original DNA sequence 
B)  breaking apart multiple copies of a large sequence into smaller random parts 
C)  sequencing hundreds of thousands of small DNA fragments sequentially 
D)  reassembling the original sequence by aligning the overlapping sequences

Question 18

________ removes supercoils so DNA strands can continue to unwind.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA Helicase 
B)  DNA gyrase 
C)  DNA polymerase III 
D)  DNA polymerase I 
A)  DNA Helicase 
B)  DNA gyrase 
C)  DNA polymerase III 
D)  DNA polymerase I

Question 19

Major characteristics of the tRNA molecules include ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  they are smaller than mRNAs ranging from about 70 to 100 nucleotides in length 
B)  a common basic secondary and tertiary structure 
C)  while one end of the tRNA temporarily binds a specific amino acid, the other end has the codon that temporarily binds to the anticodon on the mRNA via complementary base pairing 
D)  the tRNA is the bridge between the nucleotide language of the mRNA and the amino acid language of the developing protein 
A)  they are smaller than mRNAs ranging from about 70 to 100 nucleotides in length 
B)  a common basic secondary and tertiary structure 
C)  while one end of the tRNA temporarily binds a specific amino acid, the other end has the codon that temporarily binds to the anticodon on the mRNA via complementary base pairing 
D)  the tRNA is the bridge between the nucleotide language of the mRNA and the amino acid language of the developing protein

Question 20

What is the structure marked x in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beta-galactosidase 
B)  Repressor protein 
C)  Activator protein 
D)  Lactose 
A)  Beta-galactosidase 
B)  Repressor protein 
C)  Activator protein 
D)  Lactose

Exam 10: Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

What type of bacteria uses conjugation most frequently?

Which of the following matching of terms is incorrect?

The function of DNA polymerase I is ________.

When does most of the regulation of gene expression occur in bacteria?

Pesticides on foods, tobacco smoke and diesel engine exhaust ________.

A point mutation can be a ________. (Select all that apply)

Which of the following pertain to the transcription part of protein synthesis ________. (Select all that apply)

Major differences between DNA and RNA include all of these except ________.

tRNA ________.

The illustration shows the process of ________.

Movement and insertion of DNA segments to new positions within chromosome or plasmid ________.

What is the function of the structure labeled y in the illustration?

What structure is labeled z in the illustration?

The codon sequence 5'-UGG-3' found within the protein-coding region of an mRNA codes for ________.

Which enzyme directly repairs pyrimidine dimers?

The function of DNA Helicase is ________.

Shotgun sequencing involves all of the following except ________.

________ removes supercoils so DNA strands can continue to unwind.

Major characteristics of the tRNA molecules include ________. (Select all that apply)

What is the structure marked x in the illustration?

Microbial World

An Introduction to the Chemical Basis of Life

The Biochemistry of Macromolecules

Microscopy

Prokaryote Organisms

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Organisms

Viruses and Infectious Particles

Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Antimicrobial Agents

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Vaccination, Immunoassays, and Immune Disorders

Microbial Pathogenesis

Epidemiology and Infection Control

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

Diseases of the Urogenital System

Diseases of the Nervous System

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Environmental and Industrial Microbiology

Filters