Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true of Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  It afflicts 1% of people over 60 world-wide. 
B)  It is characterized by a shaking tremor of the hand. 
C)  Patients have a shuffling gate and hunched posture. 
D)  It is characterized by excess dopamine levels. 
A)  It afflicts 1% of people over 60 world-wide. 
B)  It is characterized by a shaking tremor of the hand. 
C)  Patients have a shuffling gate and hunched posture. 
D)  It is characterized by excess dopamine levels. D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the dorsal and ventral striatum?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ventral striatum is involved in selecting goals and driving goal-oriented behaviors. 
B)  The dorsal striatum is involved in learned habitual actions. 
C)  The ventral striatum can direct goal-oriented behaviors via the dorsal striatum. 
D)  The ventral striatum can direct goal-oriented behaviors via the hypothalamus. 
E)  All of the above are accurate statements. 
A)  The ventral striatum is involved in selecting goals and driving goal-oriented behaviors. 
B)  The dorsal striatum is involved in learned habitual actions. 
C)  The ventral striatum can direct goal-oriented behaviors via the dorsal striatum. 
D)  The ventral striatum can direct goal-oriented behaviors via the hypothalamus. 
E)  All of the above are accurate statements. E

Question 3

Consider information in this chapter along with information presented in prior chapters. What are two examples of long-term potentiation being used in different neural circuits and how are they similar and different?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. LTP has been shown to result from a strengthening of neuronal synapses, and it probably underlies different forms of learning. Differences include the neurotransmitter involved (glutamate vs. dopamine) and the location (hippocampus vs. striatum).

Question 4

Examine Figure 15.4 In the text . Predict what would happen in the frontostriatal loop if a glutamate antagonist (glutamate receptor blocker) was administered.

Accepted Answer

A)  Connections between the pallidum and thalamus would be disrupted. 
B)  Connections between the neocortex and the thalamus would be disrupted. 
C)  Connections between the striatum and the pallidum would be disrupted. 
D)  All of the above would likely occur. 
A)  Connections between the pallidum and thalamus would be disrupted. 
B)  Connections between the neocortex and the thalamus would be disrupted. 
C)  Connections between the striatum and the pallidum would be disrupted. 
D)  All of the above would likely occur.

Question 5

Several animal studies are described that find a link between dopamine signaling and drugs of addiction. How might these findings inform our understanding of drug-seeking human behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Some students may ans

Question 6

The process of trying out various behaviors to learn which ones result in positive reinforcement (and few negative consequences) is known as ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

instrument

Question 7

Analyze Figure b15.1. In the text Which of the following statements is NOT true of the control group in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The control group is people who do not have Parkinson's disease. 
B)  The control group experienced no change in activities of daily life score after surgery. 
C)  The control group was monitored for at least 1 year after surgery 
D)  The control group is represented by blue dots and a blue line. 
A)  The control group is people who do not have Parkinson's disease. 
B)  The control group experienced no change in activities of daily life score after surgery. 
C)  The control group was monitored for at least 1 year after surgery 
D)  The control group is represented by blue dots and a blue line.

Question 8

Examine Figure 15.3. In the text Which of the following can you can conclude from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  The word "striatum" refers to its characteristic brown color. 
B)  Axons of medium spiny neurons are highly branched. 
C)  The cell bodies of medium spiny neurons are 100-200 µM. 
D)  Axons project from medium spiny neurons and terminate in the pallidum. 
A)  The word "striatum" refers to its characteristic brown color. 
B)  Axons of medium spiny neurons are highly branched. 
C)  The cell bodies of medium spiny neurons are 100-200 µM. 
D)  Axons project from medium spiny neurons and terminate in the pallidum.

Question 9

Which of the following accurately describes some of the inherent difficulties in developing treatments for Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  drugs that are given to patients must be able to cross the blood-brain-barrier 
B)  some transplanted dopaminergic neurons seem to develop pathology 
C)  re-growth of cellular processes after neuronal transplantation may not be as robust as in mice because of the longer distances involved 
D)  all of the above are accurate statements 
A)  drugs that are given to patients must be able to cross the blood-brain-barrier 
B)  some transplanted dopaminergic neurons seem to develop pathology 
C)  re-growth of cellular processes after neuronal transplantation may not be as robust as in mice because of the longer distances involved 
D)  all of the above are accurate statements

Question 10

Examine Figure 15.4. In the text Which of the following can you can conclude from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glutamate infused into the striatum leads to neurons in the pallidum decreasing their firing rate. 
B)  Glutamate infused into the striatum leads to neurons in the thalamus decreasing their firing rate. 
C)  Neurons in the thalamus and pallidum use glutamate as their primary neurotransmitter. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Glutamate infused into the striatum leads to neurons in the pallidum decreasing their firing rate. 
B)  Glutamate infused into the striatum leads to neurons in the thalamus decreasing their firing rate. 
C)  Neurons in the thalamus and pallidum use glutamate as their primary neurotransmitter. 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

You are studying the neurons involved in the frontostriatal loops. You find that a neuron uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and expresses the D2 dopamine receptor. This neuron would be best classified as ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a neuron in the substantia nigra 
B)  a neuron in the striatum, involved in the direct pathway 
C)  a neuron in the striatum, involved in the indirect pathway 
D)  a neuron in the pallidum 
E)  all of the above 
A)  a neuron in the substantia nigra 
B)  a neuron in the striatum, involved in the direct pathway 
C)  a neuron in the striatum, involved in the indirect pathway 
D)  a neuron in the pallidum 
E)  all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of Huntington's Disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat of CAG in the huntingtin gene. 
B)  In advanced stages, symptoms include involuntary movements and cognitive impairment. 
C)  Huntington's disease primarily involves neuronal cell death in the thalamus 
D)  Medium spiny neurons are susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of abnormal Huntington protein. 
A)  It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat of CAG in the huntingtin gene. 
B)  In advanced stages, symptoms include involuntary movements and cognitive impairment. 
C)  Huntington's disease primarily involves neuronal cell death in the thalamus 
D)  Medium spiny neurons are susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of abnormal Huntington protein.

Question 13

What effect would blocking dorsal striatal plasticity have on rats that are being conditioned to associate a specific location with a drug such as cocaine?

Accepted Answer

A)  no changes would be seen in rat behaviors 
B)  rats would spend more time in the chamber associated with the drug 
C)  rats would spend less time in the chamber associated with the drug 
D)  rats would show changes in fos signaling. 
A)  no changes would be seen in rat behaviors 
B)  rats would spend more time in the chamber associated with the drug 
C)  rats would spend less time in the chamber associated with the drug 
D)  rats would show changes in fos signaling.

Question 14

Analyze Figure 15.15In the text and the text associated with this experiment. In this study, dopamine _____________________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is administered to the rat via a catheter after the rat presses a lever 
B)  is only released upon cocaine adminstration 
C)  increases before cocaine administration in trained animals 
D)  is given to the rat in the form of a dietary L-dopa supplement 
E)  None of the above are accurate statements. 
A)  is administered to the rat via a catheter after the rat presses a lever 
B)  is only released upon cocaine adminstration 
C)  increases before cocaine administration in trained animals 
D)  is given to the rat in the form of a dietary L-dopa supplement 
E)  None of the above are accurate statements.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true about amphetamines?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause dopamine to be released from pre-synaptic terminals. 
B)  They cause proliferation of dopaminergic terminals. 
C)  They kill dopaminergic neurons 
D)  Individuals that regularly use amphetamines require increasingly large doses. 
A)  They cause dopamine to be released from pre-synaptic terminals. 
B)  They cause proliferation of dopaminergic terminals. 
C)  They kill dopaminergic neurons 
D)  Individuals that regularly use amphetamines require increasingly large doses.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best relates the morphology of striatal medium spiny neurons to their function?

Accepted Answer

A)  The many dendrites present on these neurons suggests they receive many inputs. 
B)  The size of these neurons leads to a relatively firing rate. 
C)  Most axons of these neurons are long and do not terminate locally, indicating that there is a great deal of striatal output to nearly every region of the cortex. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  The many dendrites present on these neurons suggests they receive many inputs. 
B)  The size of these neurons leads to a relatively firing rate. 
C)  Most axons of these neurons are long and do not terminate locally, indicating that there is a great deal of striatal output to nearly every region of the cortex. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

As described in Box 15.2, sex, food cravings and drug-seeking are all behaviors that are associated with dopamine release in the ventral striatum. To what extent do you think that the animal studies described in this chapter are relevant to human behaviors? Justify your response by citing specific examples of scientific research and relating whether or not it applies to humans.

Accepted Answer

The animal studies described in this cha

Question 18

Consider Figure 15.7. In the text Which of the following can you conclude from this image?

Accepted Answer

A)  The caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra contain dopamine receptors that have excitatory effects. 
B)  It is likely that dopamine is used as a neurotransmitter in the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra. 
C)  Most cortical input to the caudate and putamen involves dopaminergic synapses. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  The caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra contain dopamine receptors that have excitatory effects. 
B)  It is likely that dopamine is used as a neurotransmitter in the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra. 
C)  Most cortical input to the caudate and putamen involves dopaminergic synapses. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 19

In experiments, responses that used to be correct but are no longer correct are called ______________________ errors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In experiments, responses that used to be...

Question 20

Analyze Figure 15.12. In the text Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the experiment depicted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mice used in the study are incapable of normal dopamine production without dietary L-dopa supplementation. 
B)  Mice given carbidopa in conjunction with L-dopa walk around less than mice given L-dopa alone. 
C)  D2 receptor function is necessary for inducing the taffy-pulling sterotyped behavior. 
D)  Mice given carbidopa in conjunction with L-dopa experience a downregulation of the D1 receptor. 
A)  Mice used in the study are incapable of normal dopamine production without dietary L-dopa supplementation. 
B)  Mice given carbidopa in conjunction with L-dopa walk around less than mice given L-dopa alone. 
C)  D2 receptor function is necessary for inducing the taffy-pulling sterotyped behavior. 
D)  Mice given carbidopa in conjunction with L-dopa experience a downregulation of the D1 receptor.

Which of the following is NOT true of Parkinson's Disease?

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the dorsal and ventral striatum?

Consider information in this chapter along with information presented in prior chapters. What are two examples of long-term potentiation being used in different neural circuits and how are they similar and different?

Examine Figure 15.4 In the text . Predict what would happen in the frontostriatal loop if a glutamate antagonist (glutamate receptor blocker) was administered.

Several animal studies are described that find a link between dopamine signaling and drugs of addiction. How might these findings inform our understanding of drug-seeking human behaviors?

The process of trying out various behaviors to learn which ones result in positive reinforcement (and few negative consequences) is known as ______________________________.

Analyze Figure b15.1. In the text Which of the following statements is NOT true of the control group in this figure?

Examine Figure 15.3. In the text Which of the following can you can conclude from these data?

Which of the following accurately describes some of the inherent difficulties in developing treatments for Parkinson's disease?

Examine Figure 15.4. In the text Which of the following can you can conclude from these data?

You are studying the neurons involved in the frontostriatal loops. You find that a neuron uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and expresses the D2 dopamine receptor. This neuron would be best classified as ______________________.

Which of the following is NOT true of Huntington's Disease?

What effect would blocking dorsal striatal plasticity have on rats that are being conditioned to associate a specific location with a drug such as cocaine?

Analyze Figure 15.15In the text and the text associated with this experiment. In this study, dopamine _____________________________________________.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about amphetamines?

Which of the following statements best relates the morphology of striatal medium spiny neurons to their function?

Consider Figure 15.7. In the text Which of the following can you conclude from this image?

In experiments, responses that used to be correct but are no longer correct are called ______________________ errors.

Analyze Figure 15.12. In the text Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the experiment depicted?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 15: Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Which of the following is NOT true of Parkinson's Disease?

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the dorsal and ventral striatum?

Consider information in this chapter along with information presented in prior chapters. What are two examples of long-term potentiation being used in different neural circuits and how are they similar and different?

Examine Figure 15.4 In the text . Predict what would happen in the frontostriatal loop if a glutamate antagonist (glutamate receptor blocker) was administered.

Several animal studies are described that find a link between dopamine signaling and drugs of addiction. How might these findings inform our understanding of drug-seeking human behaviors?

The process of trying out various behaviors to learn which ones result in positive reinforcement (and few negative consequences) is known as ______________________________.

Analyze Figure b15.1. In the text Which of the following statements is NOT true of the control group in this figure?

Examine Figure 15.3. In the text Which of the following can you can conclude from these data?

Which of the following accurately describes some of the inherent difficulties in developing treatments for Parkinson's disease?

Examine Figure 15.4. In the text Which of the following can you can conclude from these data?

You are studying the neurons involved in the frontostriatal loops. You find that a neuron uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and expresses the D2 dopamine receptor. This neuron would be best classified as ______________________.

Which of the following is NOT true of Huntington's Disease?

What effect would blocking dorsal striatal plasticity have on rats that are being conditioned to associate a specific location with a drug such as cocaine?

Analyze Figure 15.15In the text and the text associated with this experiment. In this study, dopamine _____________________________________________.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about amphetamines?

Which of the following statements best relates the morphology of striatal medium spiny neurons to their function?

Consider Figure 15.7. In the text Which of the following can you conclude from this image?

In experiments, responses that used to be correct but are no longer correct are called ______________________ errors.

Analyze Figure 15.12. In the text Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the experiment depicted?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Being Different From Others

Filters