Question 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons in the enteric nervous system respond to both mechanical and chemical stimuli 
B)  enteric nervous system neurons release norepinephrine to stimulate the contraction of smooth muscles in the gut 
C)  the enteric nervous system is independent of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system divisions 
D)  important enzymes and mucous that maintain the gut microenvironment are modulated by sensory of the enteric nervous system 
A)  neurons in the enteric nervous system respond to both mechanical and chemical stimuli 
B)  enteric nervous system neurons release norepinephrine to stimulate the contraction of smooth muscles in the gut 
C)  the enteric nervous system is independent of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system divisions 
D)  important enzymes and mucous that maintain the gut microenvironment are modulated by sensory of the enteric nervous system A

Question 2

Which of the following brain regions are associated with the fight, flight, or freeze acute stress response?

Accepted Answer

A)  central amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  septal nuclei 
D)  periaqueductal gray 
E)  all of the above 
A)  central amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  septal nuclei 
D)  periaqueductal gray 
E)  all of the above E

Question 3

One of the most efficacious medical interventions for morbidly obese patients to reduce food consumption and suppress appetite is gastric bypass surgery. Explain the mechanism by which this procedure reduces food consumption and suppresses appetite)

Accepted Answer

Gastric bypass surgery works by both reducing the size of the stomach and bypassing a portion of the small intestine. This results in a smaller stomach pouch, which limits the amount of food that can be consumed at one time. Additionally, the rerouting of the small intestine changes the production of gut hormones that are involved in appetite regulation. This leads to a decrease in appetite and an increased feeling of fullness after eating, ultimately reducing food consumption. The combination of these physiological changes helps morbidly obese patients to achieve significant weight loss and improve their overall health.

Question 4

Give an example of an acute versus chronic stress stimulus and explain in your own words how the response is physiologically distinct.

Accepted Answer

An example of an acute stress stimulus c

Question 5

Parasympathetic vasodilation is under the control of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitric oxide 
B)  cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) 
C)  guanylate cyclase 
D)  degradation enzymes that target cGMP 
E)  all of the above 
A)  Nitric oxide 
B)  cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) 
C)  guanylate cyclase 
D)  degradation enzymes that target cGMP 
E)  all of the above

Question 6

Activation of the central amygdala results in an increase in all of the following neurotransmitters and neurohormones, except

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  cortisol. 
A)  glutamate 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  cortisol.

Question 7

Repeatedly cramming for exams, so that you're under a state of chronic stress, instead of studying in smaller increments throughout the semester can actually reduce your ability to retain the information. This is supported by which of the following neurological phenomena during chronic stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of circulating cortisol levels causes hippocampal dendrites to shrink 
B)  high levels of circulating cortisol levels causes dendrites in the amygdala to shrink 
C)  high levels of circulating cortisol inhibit the activity of excitatory neurotransmitter 
D)  high levels of circulating cortisol stimulate inhibitory neurotrasmitter release 
E)  more than one of the above 
A)  high levels of circulating cortisol levels causes hippocampal dendrites to shrink 
B)  high levels of circulating cortisol levels causes dendrites in the amygdala to shrink 
C)  high levels of circulating cortisol inhibit the activity of excitatory neurotransmitter 
D)  high levels of circulating cortisol stimulate inhibitory neurotrasmitter release 
E)  more than one of the above

Question 8

The regulation of appetite is under the control of several neurotransmitters and hormones although of these signals, the stimulation of the ________________neurons overrides that of the ______________neurons.

Accepted Answer

orexigenic

Question 9

To shrink the size and increase the number of action potentials elicited by a magnocellular vasopressin neuron, it should be placed in a solution _______________to it's intracellular environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To shrink the size and increase the...

Question 10

Why is activation of the orexigenic neurons a more powerful stimulus that activation of anorexigenic neurons? Explain how this may have been evolutionarily advantageous for humans thousands of years ago but is potentially maladaptive in modern society.

Accepted Answer

Activation of orexigenic neurons, which

Question 11

Choose a vegetative or vital process (respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, or maintenance of body temperature) and explain in your own words the neurological push-pull regulation mechanisms that keep it stable or homeostatic)

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of body temperature is r

Question 12

Match each term with its appropriate location (a-f) in the diagram above)
Use the diagram above to Answer the following questions .
-_____Sympathetic ganglion

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Match each term with its...

Question 13

Artificial vagal nerve stimulation might be an appropriate treatment for all of the following neurological disorders, except?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  epilepsy 
C)  Alzheimer's disease 
D)  tinnitus 
E)  vasovagal syncope 
A)  depression 
B)  epilepsy 
C)  Alzheimer's disease 
D)  tinnitus 
E)  vasovagal syncope

Question 14

Match the times below with the peptide hormone you would expect to be the highest in concentration in the blood
-_______________after eating a hamburger and French fries

Accepted Answer

A)  cholecystokinin 
B)  ghrelin 
C)  leptin. 
A)  cholecystokinin 
B)  ghrelin 
C)  leptin.

Question 15

The brain region primarily responsible for circadian and seasonal rhythms is the ________________.

Accepted Answer

suprachias

Question 16

The term "butterflies in your stomach" when you are in a stress response such as during public speaking is partially explained by which neurophysiological mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in digestive activity during sympathetic nervous system activation 
B)  an increase in digestive activity during sympathetic nervous system activation 
C)  a decrease in digestive activity during parasympathetic nervous system activation 
D)  an increase in digestive activity during parasympathetic nervous system activation 
E)  more than one of the above 
A)  a decrease in digestive activity during sympathetic nervous system activation 
B)  an increase in digestive activity during sympathetic nervous system activation 
C)  a decrease in digestive activity during parasympathetic nervous system activation 
D)  an increase in digestive activity during parasympathetic nervous system activation 
E)  more than one of the above

Question 17

The mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat includes all of the following, except.

Accepted Answer

A)  reversal of the electron gradient in the mitochondria 
B)  expression of uncoupling protein 1 
C)  activation of cold sensors in the skin 
D)  inhibition of neurons in the preoptic area 
E)  inhibition of neurons in the preoptic nucleus 
A)  reversal of the electron gradient in the mitochondria 
B)  expression of uncoupling protein 1 
C)  activation of cold sensors in the skin 
D)  inhibition of neurons in the preoptic area 
E)  inhibition of neurons in the preoptic nucleus

Question 18

Match each term with its appropriate location (a-f) in the diagram above)
Use the diagram above to Answer the following questions .
-_____Sensory neuron axon

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
Match each term with its...

Question 19

All of the following would be considered orexigenic stimuli, except.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in stretch receptor activity in the stomach 
B)  decrease in blood glucose levels 
C)  increase in blood ghrelin levels 
D)  increase in blood cholecystokinin levels 
E)  more than one of the above 
A)  decrease in stretch receptor activity in the stomach 
B)  decrease in blood glucose levels 
C)  increase in blood ghrelin levels 
D)  increase in blood cholecystokinin levels 
E)  more than one of the above

Question 20

Place the following events in the baroreflex response in the correct order by numbering from 1-5:
_____ Neurons of the nucleus ambiguous are activated
_____ Heart rate is decreased
_____ Postganglionic cardiac neurons are activated
_____ Blood pressure increases causing baroreceptor activation
_____ Neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius are activated

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following events in the baroreflex...

Which of the following statements is true regarding the enteric nervous system?

Which of the following brain regions are associated with the fight, flight, or freeze acute stress response?

One of the most efficacious medical interventions for morbidly obese patients to reduce food consumption and suppress appetite is gastric bypass surgery. Explain the mechanism by which this procedure reduces food consumption and suppresses appetite)

Give an example of an acute versus chronic stress stimulus and explain in your own words how the response is physiologically distinct.

Parasympathetic vasodilation is under the control of which of the following?

Activation of the central amygdala results in an increase in all of the following neurotransmitters and neurohormones, except

Repeatedly cramming for exams, so that you're under a state of chronic stress, instead of studying in smaller increments throughout the semester can actually reduce your ability to retain the information. This is supported by which of the following neurological phenomena during chronic stress?

The regulation of appetite is under the control of several neurotransmitters and hormones although of these signals, the stimulation of the __neurons overrides that of the neurons.

To shrink the size and increase the number of action potentials elicited by a magnocellular vasopressin neuron, it should be placed in a solution _______________to it's intracellular environment.

Why is activation of the orexigenic neurons a more powerful stimulus that activation of anorexigenic neurons? Explain how this may have been evolutionarily advantageous for humans thousands of years ago but is potentially maladaptive in modern society.

Choose a vegetative or vital process (respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, or maintenance of body temperature) and explain in your own words the neurological push-pull regulation mechanisms that keep it stable or homeostatic)

Match each term with its appropriate location (a-f) in the diagram above) Use the diagram above to Answer the following questions . -_____Sympathetic ganglion

Artificial vagal nerve stimulation might be an appropriate treatment for all of the following neurological disorders, except?

Match the times below with the peptide hormone you would expect to be the highest in concentration in the blood -_______________after eating a hamburger and French fries

The brain region primarily responsible for circadian and seasonal rhythms is the ________________.

The term "butterflies in your stomach" when you are in a stress response such as during public speaking is partially explained by which neurophysiological mechanism?

The mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat includes all of the following, except.

Match each term with its appropriate location (a-f) in the diagram above) Use the diagram above to Answer the following questions . -_____Sensory neuron axon

All of the following would be considered orexigenic stimuli, except.

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 9: Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Which of the following statements is true regarding the enteric nervous system?

Which of the following brain regions are associated with the fight, flight, or freeze acute stress response?

One of the most efficacious medical interventions for morbidly obese patients to reduce food consumption and suppress appetite is gastric bypass surgery. Explain the mechanism by which this procedure reduces food consumption and suppresses appetite)

Give an example of an acute versus chronic stress stimulus and explain in your own words how the response is physiologically distinct.

Parasympathetic vasodilation is under the control of which of the following?

Activation of the central amygdala results in an increase in all of the following neurotransmitters and neurohormones, except

Repeatedly cramming for exams, so that you're under a state of chronic stress, instead of studying in smaller increments throughout the semester can actually reduce your ability to retain the information. This is supported by which of the following neurological phenomena during chronic stress?

The regulation of appetite is under the control of several neurotransmitters and hormones although of these signals, the stimulation of the ________________neurons overrides that of the ______________neurons.

To shrink the size and increase the number of action potentials elicited by a magnocellular vasopressin neuron, it should be placed in a solution _______________to it's intracellular environment.

Why is activation of the orexigenic neurons a more powerful stimulus that activation of anorexigenic neurons? Explain how this may have been evolutionarily advantageous for humans thousands of years ago but is potentially maladaptive in modern society.

Choose a vegetative or vital process (respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, or maintenance of body temperature) and explain in your own words the neurological push-pull regulation mechanisms that keep it stable or homeostatic)

Match each term with its appropriate location (a-f) in the diagram above) Use the diagram above to Answer the following questions . -_____Sympathetic ganglion

Artificial vagal nerve stimulation might be an appropriate treatment for all of the following neurological disorders, except?

Match the times below with the peptide hormone you would expect to be the highest in concentration in the blood -_______________after eating a hamburger and French fries

The brain region primarily responsible for circadian and seasonal rhythms is the ________________.

The term "butterflies in your stomach" when you are in a stress response such as during public speaking is partially explained by which neurophysiological mechanism?

The mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat includes all of the following, except.

Match each term with its appropriate location (a-f) in the diagram above) Use the diagram above to Answer the following questions . -_____Sensory neuron axon

All of the following would be considered orexigenic stimuli, except.

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

The regulation of appetite is under the control of several neurotransmitters and hormones although of these signals, the stimulation of the __neurons overrides that of the neurons.