Question 1

Which of the following species are capable of living without ever entering slow-wave sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  humans 
B)  birds 
C)  mice 
D)  dolphins 
E)  none of the above 
A)  humans 
B)  birds 
C)  mice 
D)  dolphins 
E)  none of the above E

Question 2

A term often used when euthanizing pets is that you put the pet "to sleep." A typical cocktail for euthanasia of animals is a barbituate followed by a drug to induce cardiac arrest. Explain how this statement partially true.

Accepted Answer

The statement is partially true because the term "putting a pet to sleep" is often used as a euphemism for euthanasia, which involves administering a lethal injection to end the animal's life. However, the process is not the same as simply putting the pet to sleep in the way that humans sleep.

The typical cocktail for euthanasia of animals does involve the use of a barbiturate to induce unconsciousness and then a drug to induce cardiac arrest, effectively ending the animal's life. This process is carefully regulated and performed by trained professionals to ensure that the animal does not experience any pain or distress. So, while the term "putting a pet to sleep" is commonly used, it is important to understand that euthanasia is a deliberate and humane act to end an animal's suffering.

Question 3

Match the following neurotransmitters with their role in arousal from sleep:
-_____released from parabrachial neurons to excite the basal forebrain, thalamus, and locus coeruleus

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  histamine 
D)  hypocretin. 
A)  glutamate 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  histamine 
D)  hypocretin. A

Question 4

The amplitude of an EEG of a drowsy individual is _________(than) an individual that is behaviorally aroused.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as 
B)  higher 
C)  lower 
D)  slower 
E)  faster 
A)  the same as 
B)  higher 
C)  lower 
D)  slower 
E)  faster

Question 5

Match the following as being associated being
-____ looping, slow eye saccades

Accepted Answer

A)  awake 
B)  asleep. 
A)  awake 
B)  asleep.

Question 6

Evidence for the detoxification of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid during sleep is evidenced by increase in the ________, the space between brain cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence for the detoxification of metabolites in...

Question 7

Which of the following could be a possible symptom of a person suffering a stroke that killed a significant number of neurons in the locus coeruleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased ability to respond to sensory stimuli from the cortex 
B)  an exaggerated response to weak stimuli from the thalamus 
C)  a decreased ability to respond to strong stimuli with a lot of weaker, background stimuli present 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a decreased ability to respond to sensory stimuli from the cortex 
B)  an exaggerated response to weak stimuli from the thalamus 
C)  a decreased ability to respond to strong stimuli with a lot of weaker, background stimuli present 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following has not been observed in sleep-deprived individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  problems with memory 
B)  weight loss 
C)  irritability 
D)  heightened senses 
A)  problems with memory 
B)  weight loss 
C)  irritability 
D)  heightened senses

Question 9

Which of the following contributes to the controversy surround lethal injections for the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

A)  without an EEG recording during the process, it is impossible to verify that anesthesia is full effective during the entire process 
B)  some state governments are starting to create their own "secret cocktail" of lethal injection that has not been verified as humane 
C)  use of the pancuronium fully paralyzes the inmate and prevents them from communicating pain 
D)  it is possible that the cause of death via suffocation could proceed severe cardiac arrest 
E)  all of the above 
A)  without an EEG recording during the process, it is impossible to verify that anesthesia is full effective during the entire process 
B)  some state governments are starting to create their own "secret cocktail" of lethal injection that has not been verified as humane 
C)  use of the pancuronium fully paralyzes the inmate and prevents them from communicating pain 
D)  it is possible that the cause of death via suffocation could proceed severe cardiac arrest 
E)  all of the above

Question 10

Based on the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines presented in figure 13.12, In the text which of the following would result in an increase in norepineprine?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase 
B)  increase in available dopamine 
C)  a genetic mutation in the gene for dopamine beta-hydroxylase 
D)  depletion of the amino acid L-tyrosine 
E)  all of the above 
A)  inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase 
B)  increase in available dopamine 
C)  a genetic mutation in the gene for dopamine beta-hydroxylase 
D)  depletion of the amino acid L-tyrosine 
E)  all of the above

Question 11

Match the following as being associated being
-____ high neuronal firing in the vl-PAG

Accepted Answer

A)  awake 
B)  asleep. 
A)  awake 
B)  asleep.

Question 12

All of the following stimuli would likely increase firing and adrenaline release by the locus coeruleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  hearing a gun-shot 
B)  stepping on a shard of glass 
C)  earning a bonus for working over-time 
D)  unexpectedly being fired at work 
E)  all of the above 
A)  hearing a gun-shot 
B)  stepping on a shard of glass 
C)  earning a bonus for working over-time 
D)  unexpectedly being fired at work 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

Explain in your own words the short and long-term effects of repeated, prolonged sleep deprivation.

Accepted Answer

Short-term effects of repeated, prolonge

Question 14

Which of the following statements best summarizes the 5 stages and progression of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  light sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), deep sleep (stage 4), paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5) 
B)  deep sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5), awake 
C)  deep sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5), stages 3-1 
D)  light sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), deep sleep (stage 4), stages 3-1, paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5) 
A)  light sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), deep sleep (stage 4), paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5) 
B)  deep sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5), awake 
C)  deep sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5), stages 3-1 
D)  light sleep (stage 1), intermediate sleep (stages 2-3), deep sleep (stage 4), stages 3-1, paradoxical sleep or REM (stage 5)

Question 15

Refer to figure 13.26, In the text why did the experimenters need to include a "yolk control" in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  to control for exercise causing weight loss 
B)  to control for food intake causing weight loss 
C)  to control for aversion to water causing weight loss 
D)  to control for the age of the mouse causing weight loss 
A)  to control for exercise causing weight loss 
B)  to control for food intake causing weight loss 
C)  to control for aversion to water causing weight loss 
D)  to control for the age of the mouse causing weight loss

Question 16

The intracellular rhythm of thalamocorcial neurons is partially explained due the usage of ______________ions, which are ___________than action potentials regulated by sodium ion influx for depolarization.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium, faster 
B)  chloride, slower 
C)  sodium, higher 
D)  calcium, slower 
A)  potassium, faster 
B)  chloride, slower 
C)  sodium, higher 
D)  calcium, slower

Question 17

Lesions in the _____________have been shown to cause problems with spatial attention. This is likely due to the high interconnectivity between this region and the superior colliculus and visual cortical areas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lesions in the _____________have been shown to...

Question 18

Neuronal death in the _______________might result in a very difficult time awaking from a sleeping state due to prologued thalamic neuron oscillation and rhythmic firing of neocortial neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neuronal death in the _______________might result in...

Question 19

In which of the following situations would you expect neurons of the locus coeruleus to increase their firing based on the findings from animal experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  accidentally shocking yourself on an electrical outlet 
B)  being unexpectedly startled by a loud noise 
C)  receiving a bonus after reaching a certain goal at work 
D)  after a systemic injection of adrenaline 
E)  all of the above 
A)  accidentally shocking yourself on an electrical outlet 
B)  being unexpectedly startled by a loud noise 
C)  receiving a bonus after reaching a certain goal at work 
D)  after a systemic injection of adrenaline 
E)  all of the above

Question 20

In the circuitry shown below where green is excitatory and red is inhibitory, would you expect the following to be in a sleeping or awake animal?
Locus Coeruleus $\rightarrow$Ventrolateral Preoptic Area $\rightarrow$Tubomammillary$\rightarrow$Neocortex

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeping 
B)  awake 
A)  sleeping 
B)  awake

Which of the following species are capable of living without ever entering slow-wave sleep?

A term often used when euthanizing pets is that you put the pet "to sleep." A typical cocktail for euthanasia of animals is a barbituate followed by a drug to induce cardiac arrest. Explain how this statement partially true.

Match the following neurotransmitters with their role in arousal from sleep: -_____released from parabrachial neurons to excite the basal forebrain, thalamus, and locus coeruleus

The amplitude of an EEG of a drowsy individual is _________(than) an individual that is behaviorally aroused.

Match the following as being associated being -____ looping, slow eye saccades

Evidence for the detoxification of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid during sleep is evidenced by increase in the ________, the space between brain cells.

Which of the following could be a possible symptom of a person suffering a stroke that killed a significant number of neurons in the locus coeruleus?

Which of the following has not been observed in sleep-deprived individuals?

Which of the following contributes to the controversy surround lethal injections for the death penalty?

Based on the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines presented in figure 13.12, In the text which of the following would result in an increase in norepineprine?

Match the following as being associated being -____ high neuronal firing in the vl-PAG

All of the following stimuli would likely increase firing and adrenaline release by the locus coeruleus?

Explain in your own words the short and long-term effects of repeated, prolonged sleep deprivation.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the 5 stages and progression of sleep?

Refer to figure 13.26, In the text why did the experimenters need to include a "yolk control" in this experiment?

The intracellular rhythm of thalamocorcial neurons is partially explained due the usage of ____ions, which are _than action potentials regulated by sodium ion influx for depolarization.

Lesions in the _____________have been shown to cause problems with spatial attention. This is likely due to the high interconnectivity between this region and the superior colliculus and visual cortical areas.

Neuronal death in the _______________might result in a very difficult time awaking from a sleeping state due to prologued thalamic neuron oscillation and rhythmic firing of neocortial neurons.

In which of the following situations would you expect neurons of the locus coeruleus to increase their firing based on the findings from animal experiments?

In the circuitry shown below where green is excitatory and red is inhibitory, would you expect the following to be in a sleeping or awake animal? Locus Coeruleus $\rightarrow$ Ventrolateral Preoptic Area $\rightarrow$ Tubomammillary $\rightarrow$ Neocortex

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 13: Regulating Brain States

Which of the following species are capable of living without ever entering slow-wave sleep?

A term often used when euthanizing pets is that you put the pet "to sleep." A typical cocktail for euthanasia of animals is a barbituate followed by a drug to induce cardiac arrest. Explain how this statement partially true.

Match the following neurotransmitters with their role in arousal from sleep: -_____released from parabrachial neurons to excite the basal forebrain, thalamus, and locus coeruleus

The amplitude of an EEG of a drowsy individual is _________(than) an individual that is behaviorally aroused.

Match the following as being associated being -____ looping, slow eye saccades

Evidence for the detoxification of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid during sleep is evidenced by increase in the ________, the space between brain cells.

Which of the following could be a possible symptom of a person suffering a stroke that killed a significant number of neurons in the locus coeruleus?

Which of the following has not been observed in sleep-deprived individuals?

Which of the following contributes to the controversy surround lethal injections for the death penalty?

Based on the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines presented in figure 13.12, In the text which of the following would result in an increase in norepineprine?

Match the following as being associated being -____ high neuronal firing in the vl-PAG

All of the following stimuli would likely increase firing and adrenaline release by the locus coeruleus?

Explain in your own words the short and long-term effects of repeated, prolonged sleep deprivation.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the 5 stages and progression of sleep?

Refer to figure 13.26, In the text why did the experimenters need to include a "yolk control" in this experiment?

The intracellular rhythm of thalamocorcial neurons is partially explained due the usage of ______________ions, which are ___________than action potentials regulated by sodium ion influx for depolarization.

Lesions in the _____________have been shown to cause problems with spatial attention. This is likely due to the high interconnectivity between this region and the superior colliculus and visual cortical areas.

Neuronal death in the _______________might result in a very difficult time awaking from a sleeping state due to prologued thalamic neuron oscillation and rhythmic firing of neocortial neurons.

In which of the following situations would you expect neurons of the locus coeruleus to increase their firing based on the findings from animal experiments?

In the circuitry shown below where green is excitatory and red is inhibitory, would you expect the following to be in a sleeping or awake animal? Locus Coeruleus →\rightarrow→ Ventrolateral Preoptic Area →\rightarrow→ Tubomammillary →\rightarrow→ Neocortex

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

The intracellular rhythm of thalamocorcial neurons is partially explained due the usage of ____ions, which are _than action potentials regulated by sodium ion influx for depolarization.

In the circuitry shown below where green is excitatory and red is inhibitory, would you expect the following to be in a sleeping or awake animal? Locus Coeruleus $\rightarrow$ Ventrolateral Preoptic Area $\rightarrow$ Tubomammillary $\rightarrow$ Neocortex