Exam 10: Controlling Posture and Locomotion

The rhythmic depolarization and hyperpolarization of a lamprey's spinal column persists even in the presence of TTX. How does this support the central pattern generator hypothesis?

A small subset of neurons in the ventral premotor region of the motor cortex are activated for a particular movement even when the action is only observed. These are called______________________.

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____stabilization of the head backward as the body moves forward

When you experience a leg withdrawal reflex when you step on a sharp object excitatory/ inhibitory (circle one) signals stimulate motor neurons synapsing on the quadriceps and excitatory/ inhibitory (circle one) signals stimulate motor neurons synapsing on the hamstrings.

Refer to the neuronal circuitry of papillary constriction and dilation in Figure 10.1. In the text Which reaction is more of a sympathetic nervous system response?

All of the following are indications of cerebellar damage and clinical features of cerebellar ataxia, except

How would a person's reflexes be altered if they suffered a loss of function their vestibular apparatus?

Early stages of motor learning primarily rely on the _______________and ____________. However, once these movements become more automatic, the _____________is most active.

Which of the following tests could distinguish between a patient experiencing locked-in syndrome from a patient in a permanently vegetative state?

Match each scientist with their appropriate contribution to understanding of the control of posture and locomotion -_____ supported the central pattern generator hypothesis with early discoveries of locust locomotion

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____stabilization of a leg when the other leg is lifted off the ground

Which of the following would result in the largest degree of Purkinje cell inactivation?

Which of the following is a true statement about the projections of the motor cortex?

Self-generated sensory inputs are filtered out by the cerebellum, which enhances sensitivity to unexpected signals. What adaptive behavior is this most advantageous for?

Place the following events in the movement of bending over to pick up a heavy box in the correct order by numbering from 1-4: (some numbers will be used for multiple events, as they happen simultaneously) _____ Before you start to bend you knees and extend your arms down, your motor cortex instructs your calf and ankle muscles start to anticipate the shifting of your weight down and forward _____ You make a conscious decision to pick up the box, activating the prefrontal cortex _____ Your cerebellum sends feedforward signals from previous learned behaviors of picking up a heavy box and catalogues new error signals from this experience _____ You complete the movement with conscious awareness of how to modify the next movement (moving your hands, engaging your legs, etc.) to lift the box based on sensory and motor information coordinated by the prefrontal, motor, and frontal cortex along with the cerebellum _____ As you execute the movement your spinal reflexes, under the control of the motor cortex, stiffens the calves, ankles, neck, and back to stabilize you as you bend over

Match each scientist with their appropriate contribution to understanding of the control of posture and locomotion -_____ demonstrated that walking in a mammalian quadruped involves spinal CGP using spinal and decerebrate cats

Compare and contrast the CPG for swimming in lampreys to the CPG for walking in quadrupeds?

Which of the following might be symptoms of a lesion to the right motor cortex?

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____activation of the quadriceps muscles when your knee bends when walking

Describe the stabilizing reflexes of the head and body that you employ when turning your car around a tight corner.