Question 1

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory:
-_____ plays a central role in pattern separation in the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

A)  basolateral amygdala 
B)  entorhinal cortex 
C)  dentate gyrus. 
A)  basolateral amygdala 
B)  entorhinal cortex 
C)  dentate gyrus. C

Question 2

Hippocampal lesions affect spatial but not object recognition memory and perirhinal/postrhinal lesions affect object recognition but not spatial memory. This is an example of _________________.

Accepted Answer

double dissociation

Question 3

What additional sorts of experiments or exercises could have been done with patient H.M. that would have furthered our understanding of the role of the medial temporal lobes in learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

There are several additional experiments or exercises that could have been done with patient H.M. to further our understanding of the role of the medial temporal lobes in learning and memory.

1. Spatial memory tasks: Patient H.M. could have been tested on tasks that require spatial memory, such as navigating through a maze or remembering the location of objects in a room. This would help to determine if his medial temporal lobes were involved in spatial memory processing.

2. Long-term memory consolidation: Patient H.M. could have been tested on tasks that assess long-term memory consolidation, such as learning new information and then being tested on it after a delay. This would help to determine if his medial temporal lobes were involved in the consolidation of long-term memories.

3. Pattern separation tasks: Patient H.M. could have been tested on tasks that require pattern separation, such as distinguishing between similar items or events. This would help to determine if his medial temporal lobes were involved in the process of creating distinct memories for similar experiences.

4. Neuroimaging studies: Patient H.M. could have undergone neuroimaging studies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET), to examine the activity of his medial temporal lobes during memory tasks. This would provide valuable information about the specific neural mechanisms underlying his memory deficits.

Overall, conducting these additional experiments and exercises with patient H.M. could have provided further insights into the role of the medial temporal lobes in learning and memory.

Question 4

Your ability to perceive the sound of a trumpet amongst a cacophony of sounds in a jazz ensemble is because of what type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental learning 
B)  perceptual learning 
C)  habituation 
D)  procedural learning 
E)  all of the above 
A)  instrumental learning 
B)  perceptual learning 
C)  habituation 
D)  procedural learning 
E)  all of the above

Question 5

The hippocampus is necessary for __________, connecting memories of objects through space and time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hippocampus is necessary for __________, connecting...

Question 6

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory:
-_____ fundamental in long-term memory formation and orienting a memory in space and time

Accepted Answer

A)  basolateral amygdala 
B)  entorhinal cortex 
C)  dentate gyrus. 
A)  basolateral amygdala 
B)  entorhinal cortex 
C)  dentate gyrus.

Question 7

Figures 14.6 and 14.7 In the text show some fundamental experimental findings in understanding the roles of the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices. According to these experiments, which brain region is the least involved in spontaneous short term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  entorhinal cortex 
D)  perirhinal cortex 
A)  amygdala 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  entorhinal cortex 
D)  perirhinal cortex

Question 8

Rats employ ___________________of food preferences by smelling the breath of other rats as a primary way of distinguishing what foods are safe to eat.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rats employ ___________________of food preferences by smelling...

Question 9

Which of the following shows the correct circuitry from the entorhinal cortex through the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$Subiculum 
B)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$ CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$Subiculum 
C)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$Subiculum 
D)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$Subiculum. 
A)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$Subiculum 
B)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$ CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$Subiculum 
C)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$Subiculum 
D)  Entorhinal Cortex $\rightarrow$Dentate$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$Subiculum.

Question 10

How is Pavolovian fear conditioning in rats different from the original Pavlovian conditioning experiment with dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  they use conditioned stimuli that affect different sensory systems 
B)  one uses reward (food) and the other uses fear (pain) as the conditioning 
C)  they use completely different parts of the brain 
D)  only one of them is an affective conditioning technique 
A)  they use conditioned stimuli that affect different sensory systems 
B)  one uses reward (food) and the other uses fear (pain) as the conditioning 
C)  they use completely different parts of the brain 
D)  only one of them is an affective conditioning technique

Question 11

Explain how you are able to distinguish your memories of an experience from the actual experience itself. Trace the pathways of memory formation and recall and their relative strength of synaptic firing in each.

Accepted Answer

Our memories of an experience are formed

Question 12

All of the following stimuli would likely increase firing and adrenaline release by the locus coeruleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  hearing a gun-shot 
B)  stepping on a shard of glass 
C)  earning a bonus for working over-time 
D)  unexpectedly being fired at work 
E)  all of the above 
A)  hearing a gun-shot 
B)  stepping on a shard of glass 
C)  earning a bonus for working over-time 
D)  unexpectedly being fired at work 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

Place the following hippocampal and cortical projections in the correct order.

Accepted Answer

A)  entorhinal cortex$\rightarrow$dentate gyrus$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex 
B)  dentate gyrus$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$dentate gyrus 
C)  entorhinal cortex$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$dentate gyrus $\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex 
D)  dentate gyrus$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortexCA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex 
A)  entorhinal cortex$\rightarrow$dentate gyrus$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex 
B)  dentate gyrus$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$dentate gyrus 
C)  entorhinal cortex$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$CA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$dentate gyrus $\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex 
D)  dentate gyrus$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortexCA3$\rightarrow$CA1$\rightarrow$subiculum$\rightarrow$entorhinal cortex

Question 14

Memory consolidation requires relocation to the neocortex, which is termed ___________ consolidation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Memory consolidation requires relocation to the neocortex,...

Question 15

Many CA3 neurons project to a dense network of additional neurons creating an ______________network of connectivity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many CA3 neurons project to a dense...

Question 16

We tend to recognize traumatic or threatening situations very vividly. What neuronal mechanisms explain this?

Accepted Answer

A)  when we are in these situations, we have heightened sensory awareness and therefore the loecus coeruleus directly stimulates LTP in the hippocampus 
B)  behavioral arousal creates neocortical cell assemblies directly, bypassing the hippocampus 
C)  these situations release gluccocorticoids (stress hormones), which stimulate the formation of hippocampal cell assemblies 
D)  the more strongly the input patter of stimulus is, especially with behavioral arousal, the more likely we are to form strong hippocampal cell assemblies 
A)  when we are in these situations, we have heightened sensory awareness and therefore the loecus coeruleus directly stimulates LTP in the hippocampus 
B)  behavioral arousal creates neocortical cell assemblies directly, bypassing the hippocampus 
C)  these situations release gluccocorticoids (stress hormones), which stimulate the formation of hippocampal cell assemblies 
D)  the more strongly the input patter of stimulus is, especially with behavioral arousal, the more likely we are to form strong hippocampal cell assemblies

Question 17

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory:
-_____ important in behaviorally aroused memory formation mediated by norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

A)  basolateral amygdala 
B)  entorhinal cortex 
C)  dentate gyrus. 
A)  basolateral amygdala 
B)  entorhinal cortex 
C)  dentate gyrus.

Question 18

If you could analyze the brains of Shereshevsky and A. J., what might you expect the areas of increased mass or neural activity to be and why?

Accepted Answer

If we were to analyze the brains of Sher

Question 19

Refer to figure 14.7 C. In the text How does a hippocampal lesioned rat compare to a perirhinal lesioned rat in an 8-arm radial maze spatial memory task?

Accepted Answer

A)  the rats with the hippocampus lesion make more errors than the control but neither group makes as many errors as the rats with a lesioned perirhinal cortex 
B)  the is no difference between the rats with a lesioned perirhinal cortex or hippocampus 
C)  the rats with a lesioned perirhinal cortex are less able to recall which arm they have visited and make the most errors 
D)  the rats with a lesioned hippocampus are less able to recall which arm they have visited and make the most errors of all the groups 
A)  the rats with the hippocampus lesion make more errors than the control but neither group makes as many errors as the rats with a lesioned perirhinal cortex 
B)  the is no difference between the rats with a lesioned perirhinal cortex or hippocampus 
C)  the rats with a lesioned perirhinal cortex are less able to recall which arm they have visited and make the most errors 
D)  the rats with a lesioned hippocampus are less able to recall which arm they have visited and make the most errors of all the groups

Question 20

Briefly describe one of your most vivid memories in the last 5 years. Explain how the activity of distinct areas the brain affected forming and recalling this memory.

Accepted Answer

One of my most vivid memories in the las

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory: -_____ plays a central role in pattern separation in the hippocampus

Hippocampal lesions affect spatial but not object recognition memory and perirhinal/postrhinal lesions affect object recognition but not spatial memory. This is an example of _________________.

What additional sorts of experiments or exercises could have been done with patient H.M. that would have furthered our understanding of the role of the medial temporal lobes in learning and memory?

Your ability to perceive the sound of a trumpet amongst a cacophony of sounds in a jazz ensemble is because of what type of learning?

The hippocampus is necessary for __________, connecting memories of objects through space and time.

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory: -_____ fundamental in long-term memory formation and orienting a memory in space and time

Figures 14.6 and 14.7 In the text show some fundamental experimental findings in understanding the roles of the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices. According to these experiments, which brain region is the least involved in spontaneous short term memory?

Rats employ ___________________of food preferences by smelling the breath of other rats as a primary way of distinguishing what foods are safe to eat.

Which of the following shows the correct circuitry from the entorhinal cortex through the hippocampus?

How is Pavolovian fear conditioning in rats different from the original Pavlovian conditioning experiment with dogs?

Explain how you are able to distinguish your memories of an experience from the actual experience itself. Trace the pathways of memory formation and recall and their relative strength of synaptic firing in each.

All of the following stimuli would likely increase firing and adrenaline release by the locus coeruleus?

Place the following hippocampal and cortical projections in the correct order.

Memory consolidation requires relocation to the neocortex, which is termed ___________ consolidation.

Many CA3 neurons project to a dense network of additional neurons creating an ______________network of connectivity.

We tend to recognize traumatic or threatening situations very vividly. What neuronal mechanisms explain this?

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory: -_____ important in behaviorally aroused memory formation mediated by norepinephrine

If you could analyze the brains of Shereshevsky and A. J., what might you expect the areas of increased mass or neural activity to be and why?

Refer to figure 14.7 C. In the text How does a hippocampal lesioned rat compare to a perirhinal lesioned rat in an 8-arm radial maze spatial memory task?

Briefly describe one of your most vivid memories in the last 5 years. Explain how the activity of distinct areas the brain affected forming and recalling this memory.

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 14: Remembering Relationships

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory: -_____ plays a central role in pattern separation in the hippocampus

Hippocampal lesions affect spatial but not object recognition memory and perirhinal/postrhinal lesions affect object recognition but not spatial memory. This is an example of _________________.

What additional sorts of experiments or exercises could have been done with patient H.M. that would have furthered our understanding of the role of the medial temporal lobes in learning and memory?

Your ability to perceive the sound of a trumpet amongst a cacophony of sounds in a jazz ensemble is because of what type of learning?

The hippocampus is necessary for __________, connecting memories of objects through space and time.

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory: -_____ fundamental in long-term memory formation and orienting a memory in space and time

Figures 14.6 and 14.7 In the text show some fundamental experimental findings in understanding the roles of the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices. According to these experiments, which brain region is the least involved in spontaneous short term memory?

Rats employ ___________________of food preferences by smelling the breath of other rats as a primary way of distinguishing what foods are safe to eat.

Which of the following shows the correct circuitry from the entorhinal cortex through the hippocampus?

How is Pavolovian fear conditioning in rats different from the original Pavlovian conditioning experiment with dogs?

Explain how you are able to distinguish your memories of an experience from the actual experience itself. Trace the pathways of memory formation and recall and their relative strength of synaptic firing in each.

All of the following stimuli would likely increase firing and adrenaline release by the locus coeruleus?

Place the following hippocampal and cortical projections in the correct order.

Memory consolidation requires relocation to the neocortex, which is termed ___________ consolidation.

Many CA3 neurons project to a dense network of additional neurons creating an ______________network of connectivity.

We tend to recognize traumatic or threatening situations very vividly. What neuronal mechanisms explain this?

Match the following brain structures with their role in memory: -_____ important in behaviorally aroused memory formation mediated by norepinephrine

If you could analyze the brains of Shereshevsky and A. J., what might you expect the areas of increased mass or neural activity to be and why?

Refer to figure 14.7 C. In the text How does a hippocampal lesioned rat compare to a perirhinal lesioned rat in an 8-arm radial maze spatial memory task?

Briefly describe one of your most vivid memories in the last 5 years. Explain how the activity of distinct areas the brain affected forming and recalling this memory.

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters