Question 1

Lesions in the ____________tend to cause insomnia, while lesions of the ___________tend to cause increased sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  parabrachial nuclei, neocortex 
B)  hypothalamus, cholinergic basal forebrain 
C)  locus coeruleus, thalamus 
D)  ventrolateral preoptic area, tuberomamillary neurons 
A)  parabrachial nuclei, neocortex 
B)  hypothalamus, cholinergic basal forebrain 
C)  locus coeruleus, thalamus 
D)  ventrolateral preoptic area, tuberomamillary neurons

Question 2

Which of the following could be a reasonable treatment for a person suffering narcolepsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  routine use of anti-histamines 
B)  taking a hypocretin analogue 
C)  taking an antagonist to acetylcholine receptors 
D)  surgical lesion of the parabrachial nuclei 
E)  all of the above 
A)  routine use of anti-histamines 
B)  taking a hypocretin analogue 
C)  taking an antagonist to acetylcholine receptors 
D)  surgical lesion of the parabrachial nuclei 
E)  all of the above

Question 3

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a misleading name for this neurological disorder because

Accepted Answer

A)  the parts of the brain associated with attention show no overt changes 
B)  ability to direct attention is not actually affected 
C)  attention is actually increased in most cases 
D)  hyperactivity is not part of this disorder 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the parts of the brain associated with attention show no overt changes 
B)  ability to direct attention is not actually affected 
C)  attention is actually increased in most cases 
D)  hyperactivity is not part of this disorder 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

Which statement is the best description of a saliency map?

Accepted Answer

A)  The most noticeable parts of a visual scene are always determined based on the brightness in that particular field of view. 
B)  All parts of a visual scene are analyzed at compared for their features such as color, intensity, and orientation. These stimuli are compared and the noticeable features are where the attention is drawn using a competitive algorithm. 
C)  All parts of a visual scene are analyzed at compared for their features such as color, intensity, and orientation. These stimuli are compared and the noticeable features are where the attention is drawn using a non-competitive algorithm. 
D)  Saliency maps are constructed based on the frequency a visual stimuli is perceived. Saliency maps get more detailed as stimuli are repeatedly observed. 
A)  The most noticeable parts of a visual scene are always determined based on the brightness in that particular field of view. 
B)  All parts of a visual scene are analyzed at compared for their features such as color, intensity, and orientation. These stimuli are compared and the noticeable features are where the attention is drawn using a competitive algorithm. 
C)  All parts of a visual scene are analyzed at compared for their features such as color, intensity, and orientation. These stimuli are compared and the noticeable features are where the attention is drawn using a non-competitive algorithm. 
D)  Saliency maps are constructed based on the frequency a visual stimuli is perceived. Saliency maps get more detailed as stimuli are repeatedly observed.

Question 5

Which of the below statements is false regarding attention and behavioral arousal?

Accepted Answer

A)  voluntary spatial attention causes neurons to respond more strongly to a preferred stimuli 
B)  directed spatial attention is never involuntary 
C)  behavioral arousal improves perception in a general way 
D)  attention improves perception in a selective, specific way 
A)  voluntary spatial attention causes neurons to respond more strongly to a preferred stimuli 
B)  directed spatial attention is never involuntary 
C)  behavioral arousal improves perception in a general way 
D)  attention improves perception in a selective, specific way

Question 6

Match the following as being associated being
-____ increased oxygen and glucose consumption by the brain

Accepted Answer

A)  awake 
B)  asleep. 
A)  awake 
B)  asleep.

Question 7

The superior colliculus has been shown to be involved in the involuntary attention of salient stimulus. Which of the evidence listed below supports this?

Accepted Answer

A)  it receives topographical inputs from the retina and multiple cortex regions 
B)  it is highly important for targeted head and eye movements 
C)  it receives both somatosenory and auditory inputs 
D)  all of the above 
A)  it receives topographical inputs from the retina and multiple cortex regions 
B)  it is highly important for targeted head and eye movements 
C)  it receives both somatosenory and auditory inputs 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

The feeling of "sleep paralysis" is caused by caused by the hyperpolarization of skeletal muscle neurons in a state called___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The feeling of "sleep paralysis" is caused...

Question 9

Explain in your own words how the locus coeruleus neurons cause us to panic under stressful stimuli and make decisions we would not make if the stimuli were not present.

Accepted Answer

The locus coeruleus is a small region in

Question 10

Lesions in the locus coeruleus would likely result in a ___________of the brain's overall arousal system.

Accepted Answer

decrease o

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of covert spatial attention

Accepted Answer

A)  Turning your head when you hear a loud crash 
B)  Being startled awake by a loud thunk in your house 
C)  Keeping your head facing forward while driving but still paying attention to the conversation you have with a passenger in the car 
D)  Diverting your attention back and forth form a powerpoint slide to the lecturer giving the presentation 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Turning your head when you hear a loud crash 
B)  Being startled awake by a loud thunk in your house 
C)  Keeping your head facing forward while driving but still paying attention to the conversation you have with a passenger in the car 
D)  Diverting your attention back and forth form a powerpoint slide to the lecturer giving the presentation 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Caffeine is an effective stimulant that helps to keep you in an alert, waking state because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist 
B)  it is a potent adenosine receptor agonist 
C)  it stimulates glutamate release 
D)  it blocks GABA receptors 
A)  it is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist 
B)  it is a potent adenosine receptor agonist 
C)  it stimulates glutamate release 
D)  it blocks GABA receptors

Question 13

Someone that suffers a severe stroke impairing the neurons in their subcoeruleus region neurons might experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  an inability to enter REM sleep 
B)  frequent sleep-walking events 
C)  insomnia 
D)  very active sleep where they are moving significantly 
A)  an inability to enter REM sleep 
B)  frequent sleep-walking events 
C)  insomnia 
D)  very active sleep where they are moving significantly

Question 14

Match the following as being associated being
-____ high neuronal firing in the TuMA

Accepted Answer

A)  awake 
B)  asleep. 
A)  awake 
B)  asleep.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about sleep is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  it might be possible to misread some of the EEG waveforms of a sleeping person for one that is awake and active 
B)  neurotransmitter regulation and release is an important feature of staying asleep 
C)  while sleeping, most of the brain is less active than while one is awake 
D)  sleep is a homogenous brain state recognized by on characteristic EEG waveform 
A)  it might be possible to misread some of the EEG waveforms of a sleeping person for one that is awake and active 
B)  neurotransmitter regulation and release is an important feature of staying asleep 
C)  while sleeping, most of the brain is less active than while one is awake 
D)  sleep is a homogenous brain state recognized by on characteristic EEG waveform

Question 16

Someone with a deficit in ______________may experience an inability to quickly identify multiple stimuli arranged in sequence.

Accepted Answer

inhibition

Question 17

Which of the following offer supporting evidence that rhythmically active cortical and thalamic neurons fire in synchrony?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposing the connections between adjacent neurons in the cortex to lidocaine desynchronizes their activity. 
B)  There are several gap junctions between reticular thalamic neurons. 
C)  the activity cortical and thalamic neurons are only capable of causing small and transient oscillations in EEGs. 
D)  more than 1 of the above 
E)  all of the above 
A)  Exposing the connections between adjacent neurons in the cortex to lidocaine desynchronizes their activity. 
B)  There are several gap junctions between reticular thalamic neurons. 
C)  the activity cortical and thalamic neurons are only capable of causing small and transient oscillations in EEGs. 
D)  more than 1 of the above 
E)  all of the above

Question 18

Match the following neurotransmitters with their role in arousal from sleep:
-_____released throughout the lateral hypothalamus and cause behavioral arousal

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  histamine 
D)  hypocretin. 
A)  glutamate 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  histamine 
D)  hypocretin.

Question 19

Projections from the_______________, located near that fourth ventral, that are important for the arousal system include the cerebellum, thalamus, neocortex, and brainstem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Projections from the_______________, located near that fourth...

Question 20

The olfactory cortex is much smaller than the visual or somatosensory cortex in humans. Does this fact support that the neurons are not topographically organized, why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The fact that the olfactory cortex is mu

Lesions in the __tend to cause insomnia, while lesions of the _tend to cause increased sleep.

Which of the following could be a reasonable treatment for a person suffering narcolepsy?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a misleading name for this neurological disorder because

Which statement is the best description of a saliency map?

Which of the below statements is false regarding attention and behavioral arousal?

Match the following as being associated being -____ increased oxygen and glucose consumption by the brain

The superior colliculus has been shown to be involved in the involuntary attention of salient stimulus. Which of the evidence listed below supports this?

The feeling of "sleep paralysis" is caused by caused by the hyperpolarization of skeletal muscle neurons in a state called___________.

Explain in your own words how the locus coeruleus neurons cause us to panic under stressful stimuli and make decisions we would not make if the stimuli were not present.

Lesions in the locus coeruleus would likely result in a ___________of the brain's overall arousal system.

Which of the following is an example of covert spatial attention

Caffeine is an effective stimulant that helps to keep you in an alert, waking state because

Someone that suffers a severe stroke impairing the neurons in their subcoeruleus region neurons might experience which of the following symptoms?

Match the following as being associated being -____ high neuronal firing in the TuMA

Which of the following statements about sleep is false?

Someone with a deficit in ______________may experience an inability to quickly identify multiple stimuli arranged in sequence.

Which of the following offer supporting evidence that rhythmically active cortical and thalamic neurons fire in synchrony?

Match the following neurotransmitters with their role in arousal from sleep: -_____released throughout the lateral hypothalamus and cause behavioral arousal

Projections from the_______________, located near that fourth ventral, that are important for the arousal system include the cerebellum, thalamus, neocortex, and brainstem.

The olfactory cortex is much smaller than the visual or somatosensory cortex in humans. Does this fact support that the neurons are not topographically organized, why or why not?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 13: Regulating Brain States

Lesions in the ____________tend to cause insomnia, while lesions of the ___________tend to cause increased sleep.

Which of the following could be a reasonable treatment for a person suffering narcolepsy?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a misleading name for this neurological disorder because

Which statement is the best description of a saliency map?

Which of the below statements is false regarding attention and behavioral arousal?

Match the following as being associated being -____ increased oxygen and glucose consumption by the brain

The superior colliculus has been shown to be involved in the involuntary attention of salient stimulus. Which of the evidence listed below supports this?

The feeling of "sleep paralysis" is caused by caused by the hyperpolarization of skeletal muscle neurons in a state called___________.

Explain in your own words how the locus coeruleus neurons cause us to panic under stressful stimuli and make decisions we would not make if the stimuli were not present.

Lesions in the locus coeruleus would likely result in a ___________of the brain's overall arousal system.

Which of the following is an example of covert spatial attention

Caffeine is an effective stimulant that helps to keep you in an alert, waking state because

Someone that suffers a severe stroke impairing the neurons in their subcoeruleus region neurons might experience which of the following symptoms?

Match the following as being associated being -____ high neuronal firing in the TuMA

Which of the following statements about sleep is false?

Someone with a deficit in ______________may experience an inability to quickly identify multiple stimuli arranged in sequence.

Which of the following offer supporting evidence that rhythmically active cortical and thalamic neurons fire in synchrony?

Match the following neurotransmitters with their role in arousal from sleep: -_____released throughout the lateral hypothalamus and cause behavioral arousal

Projections from the_______________, located near that fourth ventral, that are important for the arousal system include the cerebellum, thalamus, neocortex, and brainstem.

The olfactory cortex is much smaller than the visual or somatosensory cortex in humans. Does this fact support that the neurons are not topographically organized, why or why not?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Lesions in the __tend to cause insomnia, while lesions of the _tend to cause increased sleep.