Question 1

Analyze Figure 8.14. In the text Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mechanosensory neurons that innervate muscle spindles are activated when the muscle is stretched 
B)  When both alpha- and gamma-motor neurons are active, mechanosensory neurons are silent during a muscle twitch 
C)  alpha- and gamma-motor neurons are always activated simultaneously during muscle contraction 
D)  all of the above are accurate statements regarding these data 
A)  Mechanosensory neurons that innervate muscle spindles are activated when the muscle is stretched 
B)  When both alpha- and gamma-motor neurons are active, mechanosensory neurons are silent during a muscle twitch 
C)  alpha- and gamma-motor neurons are always activated simultaneously during muscle contraction 
D)  all of the above are accurate statements regarding these data

Question 2

Several feedback loops are described in this chapter. What distinguishes a positive feedback loop from a negative feedback loop? In your answer give at least one specific examples of a positive and negative feedback loop, including the tissues and cells involved the feedback loop's function in the organism.

Accepted Answer

A positive feedback loop is distinguishe

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT necessary for cross-bridge cycling to take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular calcium must be appropriately high 
B)  ATP must be present 
C)  the muscle fiber must be able to shorten 
D)  ATP hydrolysis must be able to occur 
A)  intracellular calcium must be appropriately high 
B)  ATP must be present 
C)  the muscle fiber must be able to shorten 
D)  ATP hydrolysis must be able to occur

Question 4

Compare and contrast white and dark meat in chickens. Give 4 differences between them and outline how each property relates to muscle function.

Accepted Answer

White meat and dark meat in chickens dif

Question 5

Examine Figure 8.26. In the text What can be concluded from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  stress hormones are important for functional spatial memory in hippocampal lesioned rats 
B)  metyrapone is a good drug candidate for improving memory related to test-taking anxiety in humans 
C)  hippocampal-lesioned rats take longer to learn a water-maze task 
D)  all of the above can be concluded from these data 
A)  stress hormones are important for functional spatial memory in hippocampal lesioned rats 
B)  metyrapone is a good drug candidate for improving memory related to test-taking anxiety in humans 
C)  hippocampal-lesioned rats take longer to learn a water-maze task 
D)  all of the above can be concluded from these data

Question 6

During cross-bridge cycling, the molecule ______ binds to myosin heads, allowing the myosin heads to extend and bind to ______ filaments. ATP is hydrolyzed to ______ by the removal of inorganic phosphate. As hydrolysis occurs, the myosin head pulls against actin, and they slide relative to each other. The ________________ remain bound to actin until they encounter a molecule of ATP, at which point they release actin and extend to their original conformation (shape).

Accepted Answer

During cross-bridge cycling, the molecul

Question 7

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle.
-___________________ attachment to tendons

Accepted Answer

The muscle type that has attachment to t

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding muscle relaxation?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle is relaxed when antagonizing muscles pull it back to its relaxed state 
B)  skeletal muscle relaxes when myosin heads push backward in an ATP-driven movement 
C)  smooth muscle relaxes when myosin heads push backward in an ATP-driven movement 
D)  skeletal muscle is relaxed when the pressure increases inside fluid-filled cavities 
A)  skeletal muscle is relaxed when antagonizing muscles pull it back to its relaxed state 
B)  skeletal muscle relaxes when myosin heads push backward in an ATP-driven movement 
C)  smooth muscle relaxes when myosin heads push backward in an ATP-driven movement 
D)  skeletal muscle is relaxed when the pressure increases inside fluid-filled cavities

Question 9

The regions of the sarcomere that appears darkest under a microscope and border each sarcomere is known as the __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The regions of the sarcomere that appears...

Question 10

Analyze Figure b8.1. In the text Which of the following can you conclude from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarized cells lengthen by 1-2% 
B)  depolarized cells shorten by about 10% 
C)  the change in cell length is the same at 10 kHz as it as at 40 kHz 
D)  the change in cell length is the same at 10 Hz as it as at 20 Hz 
A)  hyperpolarized cells lengthen by 1-2% 
B)  depolarized cells shorten by about 10% 
C)  the change in cell length is the same at 10 kHz as it as at 40 kHz 
D)  the change in cell length is the same at 10 Hz as it as at 20 Hz

Question 11

Analyze Figure 8.17C. In the text What can you conclude from this image?

Accepted Answer

A)  actin and myosin are both present in smooth muscle cells (myoepithelial cells) 
B)  actin filaments criss-cross myoepithelial cells 
C)  myoepithelial cells have only one nucleus 
D)  all of the above 
A)  actin and myosin are both present in smooth muscle cells (myoepithelial cells) 
B)  actin filaments criss-cross myoepithelial cells 
C)  myoepithelial cells have only one nucleus 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following statements accurately describes cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac myocytes attach primarily to other myocytes 
B)  cardiac myocytes are electrically coupled to each other 
C)  cardiac muscle contracts without neural input 
D)  all of the above accurately describe cardiac muscle tissue 
A)  cardiac myocytes attach primarily to other myocytes 
B)  cardiac myocytes are electrically coupled to each other 
C)  cardiac muscle contracts without neural input 
D)  all of the above accurately describe cardiac muscle tissue

Question 13

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle.
-___________________ 3 cm in length

Accepted Answer

The statement "3 cm in length" is most l

Question 14

A muscle cell experiences enough stimulation that intracellular calcium cannot be restored to resting levels after the arrival of action potentials at the neuromuscular junction. This will result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus 
B)  myosin heads having access to actin binding sites because of the movement of tropomyosin 
C)  sustained muscle contraction 
D)  all of the above 
A)  tetanus 
B)  myosin heads having access to actin binding sites because of the movement of tropomyosin 
C)  sustained muscle contraction 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Tumors can arise from cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Predict what types of symptoms a person might experience from a pituitary tumor, making specific reference to the affected endocrine axis.

Accepted Answer

A person with a pituitary tumor may expe

Question 16

Compare and contrast the molecular events that lead to contraction in smooth and skeletal muscle cells. What is responsible for cell depolarization? What events lead to interactions between myosin and actin? Outline each process and point out similarities and differences.

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle

Question 17

Analyze Figure 8.5. In the text What can you conclude from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  No glial cells are present at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  Motor neurons use ACh to communicate with muscles at the neuromuscular junction. 
C)  Axons from motor neurons are in close proximity to ACh receptors. 
D)  Motor neurons carry information from the ventral horn of the spinal cord. 
A)  No glial cells are present at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  Motor neurons use ACh to communicate with muscles at the neuromuscular junction. 
C)  Axons from motor neurons are in close proximity to ACh receptors. 
D)  Motor neurons carry information from the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the effects of norepinephrine on smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is excitatory, causing depolarization of smooth muscle cells and contraction. 
B)  It is inhibitory, causing hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells and relaxation. 
C)  It is released from small varicosities (swellings) on axons onto the smooth muscle tissue 
D)  all of the above are accurate statements 
A)  It is excitatory, causing depolarization of smooth muscle cells and contraction. 
B)  It is inhibitory, causing hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells and relaxation. 
C)  It is released from small varicosities (swellings) on axons onto the smooth muscle tissue 
D)  all of the above are accurate statements

Question 19

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle.
-___________________ 1 nucleus per muscle fiber

Accepted Answer

The statement "1 nucleus per muscle fibe

Question 20

Based on its role in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, choose whether you would rate acetylcholine as an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter. If you cannot choose one or the other, how might you evaluate whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh) can be classified as

Analyze Figure 8.14. In the text Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

Which of the following is NOT necessary for cross-bridge cycling to take place?

Compare and contrast white and dark meat in chickens. Give 4 differences between them and outline how each property relates to muscle function.

Examine Figure 8.26. In the text What can be concluded from these data?

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. -___________________ attachment to tendons

Which of the following is true regarding muscle relaxation?

The regions of the sarcomere that appears darkest under a microscope and border each sarcomere is known as the __________________.

Analyze Figure b8.1. In the text Which of the following can you conclude from these data?

Analyze Figure 8.17C. In the text What can you conclude from this image?

Which of the following statements accurately describes cardiac muscle?

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. -___________________ 3 cm in length

A muscle cell experiences enough stimulation that intracellular calcium cannot be restored to resting levels after the arrival of action potentials at the neuromuscular junction. This will result in which of the following?

Tumors can arise from cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Predict what types of symptoms a person might experience from a pituitary tumor, making specific reference to the affected endocrine axis.

Compare and contrast the molecular events that lead to contraction in smooth and skeletal muscle cells. What is responsible for cell depolarization? What events lead to interactions between myosin and actin? Outline each process and point out similarities and differences.

Analyze Figure 8.5. In the text What can you conclude from these data?

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the effects of norepinephrine on smooth muscle?

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. -___________________ 1 nucleus per muscle fiber

Based on its role in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, choose whether you would rate acetylcholine as an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter. If you cannot choose one or the other, how might you evaluate whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 8: Using Muscles and Glands

Analyze Figure 8.14. In the text Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

Which of the following is NOT necessary for cross-bridge cycling to take place?

Compare and contrast white and dark meat in chickens. Give 4 differences between them and outline how each property relates to muscle function.

Examine Figure 8.26. In the text What can be concluded from these data?

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. -___________________ attachment to tendons

Which of the following is true regarding muscle relaxation?

The regions of the sarcomere that appears darkest under a microscope and border each sarcomere is known as the __________________.

Analyze Figure b8.1. In the text Which of the following can you conclude from these data?

Analyze Figure 8.17C. In the text What can you conclude from this image?

Which of the following statements accurately describes cardiac muscle?

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. -___________________ 3 cm in length

A muscle cell experiences enough stimulation that intracellular calcium cannot be restored to resting levels after the arrival of action potentials at the neuromuscular junction. This will result in which of the following?

Tumors can arise from cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Predict what types of symptoms a person might experience from a pituitary tumor, making specific reference to the affected endocrine axis.

Compare and contrast the molecular events that lead to contraction in smooth and skeletal muscle cells. What is responsible for cell depolarization? What events lead to interactions between myosin and actin? Outline each process and point out similarities and differences.

Analyze Figure 8.5. In the text What can you conclude from these data?

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the effects of norepinephrine on smooth muscle?

Discriminate between the different types of muscle tissue described in Chapter 8. Choose which muscle type is most consistent with each statement below, and write one of the following in each blank: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. -___________________ 1 nucleus per muscle fiber

Based on its role in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, choose whether you would rate acetylcholine as an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter. If you cannot choose one or the other, how might you evaluate whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters