Question 1

Hox genes are

Accepted Answer

A)  thought to be expressed in response to the presence of retinoic acid 
B)  found in the same order on the chromosome as the segments they correspond to in the neural tube 
C)  known to control body segmentation, and control body plans beyond neural tube patterning 
D)  all of the above 
A)  thought to be expressed in response to the presence of retinoic acid 
B)  found in the same order on the chromosome as the segments they correspond to in the neural tube 
C)  known to control body segmentation, and control body plans beyond neural tube patterning 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

An example of a chemical compound that can stimulate neuronal growth is ________________________.

Accepted Answer

Nerve Growth Factor,

Question 3

The part of the axon that is involved in chemotactic movement is called the ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The part of the axon that is...

Question 4

Based on the text's description of the function of retinoic acid, a deficiency in retinoic acid during development may lead to what types of problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  abnormalities in formation of caudal regions of the nervous system 
B)  impaired neural crest cell migration 
C)  cells that become skin rather than neural tissue 
D)  all of the above 
A)  abnormalities in formation of caudal regions of the nervous system 
B)  impaired neural crest cell migration 
C)  cells that become skin rather than neural tissue 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

Based on findings regarding retinal activity waves in utero, which of the following would NOT be expected in a developing organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons in the developing organism display some level of activity regardless of function 
B)  neurons are largely inactive until performing a task that requires them 
C)  if retinal activity waves were synchronized, the LGN would continue to receive input from both retinas 
D)  synapses in the LGN are glutamatergic 
A)  neurons in the developing organism display some level of activity regardless of function 
B)  neurons are largely inactive until performing a task that requires them 
C)  if retinal activity waves were synchronized, the LGN would continue to receive input from both retinas 
D)  synapses in the LGN are glutamatergic

Question 6

Consider figures 4.6 and 4.8. In the text Which of the following statements regarding rostral-caudal patterning in the developing nervous system is true regarding the most caudal area of the neural tube?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are high 
B)  Few Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are high 
C)  Many Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are low 
D)  Few Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are low 
A)  Many Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are high 
B)  Few Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are high 
C)  Many Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are low 
D)  Few Hox genes are expressed and retinoic acid concentrations are low

Question 7

Consider the process described in figure 4.22. in the text Create a figure that depicts how chemotactic signaling molecules and their receptors interact and change to allow axons to first grow toward the floor plate and then away from the floor plate in the developing spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

To create a figure depicting the process

Question 8

Which is NOT true of dendrite development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendrites are repulsed by other dendrites and don't usually overlap. 
B)  Dendrites that have not formed synapses express neurotransmitter receptors. 
C)  Dendrites contain filopodia all along their length. 
D)  Dendrites tend to develop in clumps rather than being spread out like axons. 
A)  Dendrites are repulsed by other dendrites and don't usually overlap. 
B)  Dendrites that have not formed synapses express neurotransmitter receptors. 
C)  Dendrites contain filopodia all along their length. 
D)  Dendrites tend to develop in clumps rather than being spread out like axons.

Question 9

The spinal cord develops from the ________________ end of the neural tube.

Accepted Answer

A)  rostral 
B)  caudal 
C)  dorsal 
D)  ventral 
A)  rostral 
B)  caudal 
C)  dorsal 
D)  ventral

Question 10

Which statement best characterizes the contrasts between axon guidance in the developing spinal cord and retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ephrins serve as the primary repulsive cue in both tissues. 
B)  Axon guidance toward the floor plate relies primarily on substrate-bound axon guidance molecules. 
C)  Axon guidance in the retina is very specific, whereas it is relatively indiscriminate in the spinal cord. 
D)  Growth toward both the floor plate and retina involve repulsion. 
A)  Ephrins serve as the primary repulsive cue in both tissues. 
B)  Axon guidance toward the floor plate relies primarily on substrate-bound axon guidance molecules. 
C)  Axon guidance in the retina is very specific, whereas it is relatively indiscriminate in the spinal cord. 
D)  Growth toward both the floor plate and retina involve repulsion.

Question 11

The time during development when the nervous system is vulnerable to a specific environmental variable is known as the ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The time during development when the nervous...

Question 12

Analyze figure 4.30 In the text. Which of the following is true of this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  This figure depicts a loss of sensory neurons that innervate the wing. 
B)  This figure depicts a loss of motor neurons that innervate the wing and leg. 
C)  This figure depicts trophic factors binding to their molecular targets in the spinal cord. 
D)  None of the above are true. 
A)  This figure depicts a loss of sensory neurons that innervate the wing. 
B)  This figure depicts a loss of motor neurons that innervate the wing and leg. 
C)  This figure depicts trophic factors binding to their molecular targets in the spinal cord. 
D)  None of the above are true.

Question 13

Consider figure 4.7. In the text Which of the following statements regarding this figure is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hox b-3 gene expression is relatively constant as you move rostrally to caudally in the developing embryo 
B)  it is possible to visualize protein, but not mRNA, in the developing embryo 
C)  Segment r4 has a higher degree of Hox a-3 gene expression than r5 
D)  all of the above are true 
A)  Hox b-3 gene expression is relatively constant as you move rostrally to caudally in the developing embryo 
B)  it is possible to visualize protein, but not mRNA, in the developing embryo 
C)  Segment r4 has a higher degree of Hox a-3 gene expression than r5 
D)  all of the above are true

Question 14

Some proteins that function in organizing development are expressed at different times, with apparently different outcomes. Propose how a protein such as BMP could act to promote skin tissue at one stage, but be a dorsalizing agent in the spinal cord later in development.

Accepted Answer

Proteins such as BMP (bone morphogenetic

Question 15

The phrase "pruning" is used to describe the development of the nervous system. The author contrasts this with marble sculpture. What do these analogies represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  They relate to the loss of neurons early in development. 
B)  They relate to the loss of axons that do not receive trophic support. 
C)  They relate to growth cone growth and retraction during chemotaxis. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
A)  They relate to the loss of neurons early in development. 
B)  They relate to the loss of axons that do not receive trophic support. 
C)  They relate to growth cone growth and retraction during chemotaxis. 
D)  All of the above are true.

Question 16

In the text, the author states: "It is a strange sort of economy: if demand for neurotrophic factor exceeds the supply, then the demand is trimmed. Thank goodness our own economies tend to adjust supply instead!". What does demand and supply refer to in neuronal development, and how does it relate to the presence of trophic factors?

Accepted Answer

In the context of neuronal development,

Question 17

What do the proteins chordin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) NOT have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are proteins that are secreted outside of cells 
B)  they are proteins that regulate differentiation of tissues in a developing organism 
C)  they both promote the development of neural tissue 
D)  none of the above answers describe characteristics of both proteins 
A)  they are proteins that are secreted outside of cells 
B)  they are proteins that regulate differentiation of tissues in a developing organism 
C)  they both promote the development of neural tissue 
D)  none of the above answers describe characteristics of both proteins

Question 18

Place the following events in order, with 1 being the first event in the process.
____ formation of neural plate
____ fertilization
____ blastopore
____ formation of neural groove
____ chordin and BMP direct formation of neural tissue and skin tissue
____ formation of neural tube

Accepted Answer

4__ formation of neural plate

Question 19

In your research lab you observe a number of brain sections under the microscope from various phases of development in a mouse embryo. You notice that in the later sections, fewer neurons are present. What might you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mouse has a disorder that affects neuronal development and would not have lived to adulthood. 
B)  As the cells died, they likely caused damage to adjacent cells due to release of intracellular contents. 
C)  The mouse is developing normally and the neuronal loss is expected. 
D)  The neurons likely died because they were inappropriately attacked due to the immature immune system. 
A)  The mouse has a disorder that affects neuronal development and would not have lived to adulthood. 
B)  As the cells died, they likely caused damage to adjacent cells due to release of intracellular contents. 
C)  The mouse is developing normally and the neuronal loss is expected. 
D)  The neurons likely died because they were inappropriately attacked due to the immature immune system.

Question 20

An identical twin results when a cell from a blastopore stage (or earlier) embryo separates and develops on its own. How is it that the left-behind developing embryo can lose a cell and still develop normally?

Accepted Answer

An identical twin results when an embryo

Hox genes are

An example of a chemical compound that can stimulate neuronal growth is ________________________.

The part of the axon that is involved in chemotactic movement is called the ________________________.

Based on the text's description of the function of retinoic acid, a deficiency in retinoic acid during development may lead to what types of problems?

Based on findings regarding retinal activity waves in utero, which of the following would NOT be expected in a developing organism?

Consider figures 4.6 and 4.8. In the text Which of the following statements regarding rostral-caudal patterning in the developing nervous system is true regarding the most caudal area of the neural tube?

Consider the process described in figure 4.22. in the text Create a figure that depicts how chemotactic signaling molecules and their receptors interact and change to allow axons to first grow toward the floor plate and then away from the floor plate in the developing spinal cord.

Which is NOT true of dendrite development?

The spinal cord develops from the ________________ end of the neural tube.

Which statement best characterizes the contrasts between axon guidance in the developing spinal cord and retina?

The time during development when the nervous system is vulnerable to a specific environmental variable is known as the ________________________.

Analyze figure 4.30 In the text. Which of the following is true of this figure?

Consider figure 4.7. In the text Which of the following statements regarding this figure is true?

Some proteins that function in organizing development are expressed at different times, with apparently different outcomes. Propose how a protein such as BMP could act to promote skin tissue at one stage, but be a dorsalizing agent in the spinal cord later in development.

The phrase "pruning" is used to describe the development of the nervous system. The author contrasts this with marble sculpture. What do these analogies represent?

What do the proteins chordin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) NOT have in common?

Place the following events in order, with 1 being the first event in the process. formation of neural plate fertilization blastopore formation of neural groove chordin and BMP direct formation of neural tissue and skin tissue formation of neural tube

In your research lab you observe a number of brain sections under the microscope from various phases of development in a mouse embryo. You notice that in the later sections, fewer neurons are present. What might you conclude?

An identical twin results when a cell from a blastopore stage (or earlier) embryo separates and develops on its own. How is it that the left-behind developing embryo can lose a cell and still develop normally?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 4: Developing a Nervous System

Hox genes are

An example of a chemical compound that can stimulate neuronal growth is ________________________.

The part of the axon that is involved in chemotactic movement is called the ________________________.

Based on the text's description of the function of retinoic acid, a deficiency in retinoic acid during development may lead to what types of problems?

Based on findings regarding retinal activity waves in utero, which of the following would NOT be expected in a developing organism?

Consider figures 4.6 and 4.8. In the text Which of the following statements regarding rostral-caudal patterning in the developing nervous system is true regarding the most caudal area of the neural tube?

Consider the process described in figure 4.22. in the text Create a figure that depicts how chemotactic signaling molecules and their receptors interact and change to allow axons to first grow toward the floor plate and then away from the floor plate in the developing spinal cord.

Which is NOT true of dendrite development?

The spinal cord develops from the ________________ end of the neural tube.

Which statement best characterizes the contrasts between axon guidance in the developing spinal cord and retina?

The time during development when the nervous system is vulnerable to a specific environmental variable is known as the ________________________.

Analyze figure 4.30 In the text. Which of the following is true of this figure?

Consider figure 4.7. In the text Which of the following statements regarding this figure is true?

Some proteins that function in organizing development are expressed at different times, with apparently different outcomes. Propose how a protein such as BMP could act to promote skin tissue at one stage, but be a dorsalizing agent in the spinal cord later in development.

The phrase "pruning" is used to describe the development of the nervous system. The author contrasts this with marble sculpture. What do these analogies represent?

What do the proteins chordin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) NOT have in common?

Place the following events in order, with 1 being the first event in the process. ____ formation of neural plate ____ fertilization ____ blastopore ____ formation of neural groove ____ chordin and BMP direct formation of neural tissue and skin tissue ____ formation of neural tube

In your research lab you observe a number of brain sections under the microscope from various phases of development in a mouse embryo. You notice that in the later sections, fewer neurons are present. What might you conclude?

An identical twin results when a cell from a blastopore stage (or earlier) embryo separates and develops on its own. How is it that the left-behind developing embryo can lose a cell and still develop normally?

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Place the following events in order, with 1 being the first event in the process. formation of neural plate fertilization blastopore formation of neural groove chordin and BMP direct formation of neural tissue and skin tissue formation of neural tube