Question 1

During times of fasting, the body uses ________ as a source of energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  fat 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  glucagon 
A)  protein 
B)  fat 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  glucagon B

Question 2

What patient is most at risk for severe protein malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

A)  A postsurgical patient who has been NPO for 3 days 
B)  A postburn patient who has a deep partial-thickness burn 
C)  A febrile patient who has had a temperature of 102.6° F for 3 days 
D)  An immobile patient who has been in skeletal traction for 1 week 
A)  A postsurgical patient who has been NPO for 3 days 
B)  A postburn patient who has a deep partial-thickness burn 
C)  A febrile patient who has had a temperature of 102.6° F for 3 days 
D)  An immobile patient who has been in skeletal traction for 1 week B

Question 3

Which patient is at highest risk for severe negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postsurgical patient 
B)  Postburn patient 
C)  Posttrauma patient 
D)  Postsepsis patient 
A)  Postsurgical patient 
B)  Postburn patient 
C)  Posttrauma patient 
D)  Postsepsis patient B, C

Question 4

The nutritional effects of cancer can be severe and result in

Accepted Answer

A)  malnutrition. 
B)  anorexia. 
C)  cachexia. 
D)  catabolism. 
A)  malnutrition. 
B)  anorexia. 
C)  cachexia. 
D)  catabolism.

Question 5

The postoperative energy requirement can increase ____ above BMR.

Accepted Answer

A)  7%. 
B)  10% to 35%. 
C)  15% to 30%. 
D)  50%. 
A)  7%. 
B)  10% to 35%. 
C)  15% to 30%. 
D)  50%.

Question 6

The main source of energy for the body comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  fats. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  water. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  fats. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  water.

Question 7

Which condition is associated with an increase in basal metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aging 
B)  Fever 
C)  Obesity 
D)  Starvation 
A)  Aging 
B)  Fever 
C)  Obesity 
D)  Starvation

Question 8

The process of metabolizing proteins to provide energy is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenolysis. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  gluconeogenesis. 
D)  proteolysis. 
A)  glycogenolysis. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  gluconeogenesis. 
D)  proteolysis.

Question 9

Acute physiologic stress is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  preferential use of glycogen. 
B)  catabolism of body proteins. 
C)  decreased basal metabolic rate. 
D)  conservation of body energy stores. 
A)  preferential use of glycogen. 
B)  catabolism of body proteins. 
C)  decreased basal metabolic rate. 
D)  conservation of body energy stores.

Question 10

The metabolic response to fever is

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic. 
D)  related to gluconeogenesis. 
A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic. 
D)  related to gluconeogenesis.

Question 11

Malnutrition affecting the respiratory system can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased respiratory function. 
B)  increased surfactant release. 
C)  increased vital capacity. 
D)  respiratory failure. 
A)  increased respiratory function. 
B)  increased surfactant release. 
C)  increased vital capacity. 
D)  respiratory failure.

Question 12

Starvation is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of visceral protein. 
B)  low serum albumin levels. 
C)  loss of somatic fat and protein. 
D)  generalized edema. 
A)  loss of visceral protein. 
B)  low serum albumin levels. 
C)  loss of somatic fat and protein. 
D)  generalized edema.

Question 13

When released into the circulation, fatty acids are bound to ________ for assimilation into tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  serum IgG 
B)  total protein 
C)  albumin 
D)  creatinine 
A)  serum IgG 
B)  total protein 
C)  albumin 
D)  creatinine

Question 14

A body mass index of 25.5 is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  morbidly obese. 
B)  normal. 
C)  overweight. 
D)  obese. 
A)  morbidly obese. 
B)  normal. 
C)  overweight. 
D)  obese.

Question 15

An immobile patient should be treated with an extra ________ grams of protein daily.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 to 4 
B)  4 to 6 
C)  7 to 9 
D)  10 to 15 
A)  2 to 4 
B)  4 to 6 
C)  7 to 9 
D)  10 to 15

Question 16

Which are effects of malnutrition on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary cardiomyopathy 
B)  Increased oxygen demand 
C)  Increased cardiac output 
D)  Atrophy of cardiac muscle 
E)  Decreased cardiac output 
A)  Primary cardiomyopathy 
B)  Increased oxygen demand 
C)  Increased cardiac output 
D)  Atrophy of cardiac muscle 
E)  Decreased cardiac output

Question 17

The metabolic response to physiologic stress is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of somatic protein. 
B)  preservation of visceral protein. 
C)  body weight less than 80% of ideal. 
D)  stress-induced protein catabolism. 
A)  loss of somatic protein. 
B)  preservation of visceral protein. 
C)  body weight less than 80% of ideal. 
D)  stress-induced protein catabolism.

Question 18

Which hormone promotes protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Testosterone 
A)  Glucagon 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Testosterone

Question 19

A patient with a fever of 3° F above normal would be expected to have increased energy expenditure of

Accepted Answer

A)  3%. 
B)  15%. 
C)  21%. 
D)  50%. 
A)  3%. 
B)  15%. 
C)  21%. 
D)  50%.

Exam 42: Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

During times of fasting, the body uses ________ as a source of energy.

What patient is most at risk for severe protein malnutrition?

Which patient is at highest risk for severe negative nitrogen balance?

The nutritional effects of cancer can be severe and result in

The postoperative energy requirement can increase ____ above BMR.

The main source of energy for the body comes from

Which condition is associated with an increase in basal metabolic rate?

The process of metabolizing proteins to provide energy is called

Acute physiologic stress is associated with

The metabolic response to fever is

Malnutrition affecting the respiratory system can lead to

Starvation is associated with

When released into the circulation, fatty acids are bound to ________ for assimilation into tissue.

A body mass index of 25.5 is considered to be

An immobile patient should be treated with an extra ________ grams of protein daily.

Which are effects of malnutrition on the cardiovascular system?

The metabolic response to physiologic stress is characterized by

Which hormone promotes protein synthesis?

A patient with a fever of 3° F above normal would be expected to have increased energy expenditure of

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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