Question 1

With age, the emotional, reactive hot system is increasingly subordinated to the cognitive, reflective cool system, as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of executive function. 
B)  improved functioning of the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  temperaments subjected to inconsistent discipline. 
D)  decreases in self-control. 
A)  diffusion of executive function. 
B)  improved functioning of the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  temperaments subjected to inconsistent discipline. 
D)  decreases in self-control.

Question 2

Vamsee is a flexible and open-minded individual. He will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  be socially skilled and have many opportunities for social participation. 
B)  be uninterested in others' moral ideas and justifications. 
C)  have difficulty adapting to new experiences. 
D)  put his own thoughts and preferences aside and adopt the perspectives of others. 
A)  be socially skilled and have many opportunities for social participation. 
B)  be uninterested in others' moral ideas and justifications. 
C)  have difficulty adapting to new experiences. 
D)  put his own thoughts and preferences aside and adopt the perspectives of others.

Question 3

Two chimpanzees embrace and groom each other after a physical fight in an apparent effort to restore their long-term relationship. This behavior is consistent with __________ perspective of morality.

Accepted Answer

A)  the biological 
B)  the psychoanalytic 
C)  the social learning 
D)  Kohlberg's 
A)  the biological 
B)  the psychoanalytic 
C)  the social learning 
D)  Kohlberg's

Question 4

Describe the development of aggression, including individual differences in aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

In the second half of the first year, in

Question 5

Research on adolescent aggression shows that late-onset youths

Accepted Answer

A)  first display antisocial behavior around the time of puberty, gradually increasing their involvement. 
B)  commit more serious crimes and spend more time in prison than early-onset youths. 
C)  often have deficits in cognitive functioning, as well as a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 
D)  first display antisocial behavior in late adolescence, which then peaks in the mid-twenties. 
A)  first display antisocial behavior around the time of puberty, gradually increasing their involvement. 
B)  commit more serious crimes and spend more time in prison than early-onset youths. 
C)  often have deficits in cognitive functioning, as well as a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 
D)  first display antisocial behavior in late adolescence, which then peaks in the mid-twenties.

Question 6

An alarming __________ percent of U.S. infants-who are not yet capable of complying with adult directives-get spanked or hit.

Accepted Answer

A)  25 to 35 
B)  35 to 40 
C)  35 to 50 
D)  50 to 60 
A)  25 to 35 
B)  35 to 40 
C)  35 to 50 
D)  50 to 60

Question 7

By what age do children clearly recognize the difference between truthfulness and lying?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 years 
B)  4 years 
C)  8 years 
D)  10 years 
A)  2 years 
B)  4 years 
C)  8 years 
D)  10 years

Question 8

Dr. Miller wants to assess the moral reasoning of young children with a short-answer questionnaire that allows for efficient gathering and scoring of information. Dr. Miller will most likely use the

Accepted Answer

A)  Wechsler Inventory of Social-Conventional Reasoning. 
B)  Woodcock-Johnson Assessment of Moral Reasoning. 
C)  Moral Judgment Interview. 
D)  Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form. 
A)  Wechsler Inventory of Social-Conventional Reasoning. 
B)  Woodcock-Johnson Assessment of Moral Reasoning. 
C)  Moral Judgment Interview. 
D)  Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form.

Question 9

In schools located in areas with high poverty, their large classes, weak instruction, rigid rules, and reduced academic expectations and opportunities

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to extremely low self-esteem. 
B)  heighten the capacity for delayed gratification. 
C)  are associated with higher rates of lawbreaking. 
D)  foster a fanatical adherence to social conventions and moral norms. 
A)  lead to extremely low self-esteem. 
B)  heighten the capacity for delayed gratification. 
C)  are associated with higher rates of lawbreaking. 
D)  foster a fanatical adherence to social conventions and moral norms.

Question 10

Research on induction shows that it

Accepted Answer

A)  encourages empathy and sympathetic concern. 
B)  encourages anger and hostility toward peers. 
C)  should not be used with children under the age of 10. 
D)  is less effective than corporal punishment. 
A)  encourages empathy and sympathetic concern. 
B)  encourages anger and hostility toward peers. 
C)  should not be used with children under the age of 10. 
D)  is less effective than corporal punishment.

Question 11

According to Piaget, two factors that limit children's moral understanding are __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a limited understanding of conservation; egocentrism 
B)  animistic thinking; a lack of concern for others 
C)  the power of adults to insist that children comply; cognitive immaturity 
D)  an underdeveloped ego; poor perspective-taking skills 
A)  a limited understanding of conservation; egocentrism 
B)  animistic thinking; a lack of concern for others 
C)  the power of adults to insist that children comply; cognitive immaturity 
D)  an underdeveloped ego; poor perspective-taking skills

Question 12

The connection between mature moral reasoning and action is __________, due to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  weak; impact of personal relationships on the decision-making process 
B)  strong; realization that behavior reflects thinking and judgments 
C)  modest; influence of empathy, sympathy, and guilt 
D)  nonexistent; fact that theoretical morality and real-life morality are based on different constructs 
A)  weak; impact of personal relationships on the decision-making process 
B)  strong; realization that behavior reflects thinking and judgments 
C)  modest; influence of empathy, sympathy, and guilt 
D)  nonexistent; fact that theoretical morality and real-life morality are based on different constructs

Question 13

Although physical violence is condoned in 10-year-old Jalila's household, she agrees with society that fighting is unacceptable and subsequently acts according to her personal standards. Jalila is demonstrating evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  internalization. 
B)  induction. 
C)  construction. 
D)  realism. 
A)  internalization. 
B)  induction. 
C)  construction. 
D)  realism.

Question 14

In the past decade, wars have left _____ million children physically disabled and _____ million homeless.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; 6 
B)  2; 8 
C)  3; 10 
D)  6; 20 
A)  1; 6 
B)  2; 8 
C)  3; 10 
D)  6; 20

Question 15

According to Vygotsky, children cannot guide their own behavior until they have integrated standards represented in adult-child dialogues into their own

Accepted Answer

A)  self-directed speech. 
B)  intersubjectivity. 
C)  cooperative dialogue. 
D)  zone of proximal development. 
A)  self-directed speech. 
B)  intersubjectivity. 
C)  cooperative dialogue. 
D)  zone of proximal development.

Question 16

Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all

Accepted Answer

A)  characteristics that affect children's willingness to imitate a model's behavior. 
B)  less likely to promote moral development than spankings and threats. 
C)  evident in primates, reinforcing the biological perspective of morality. 
D)  traits that develop around age 2 as precursors to moral development. 
A)  characteristics that affect children's willingness to imitate a model's behavior. 
B)  less likely to promote moral development than spankings and threats. 
C)  evident in primates, reinforcing the biological perspective of morality. 
D)  traits that develop around age 2 as precursors to moral development.

Question 17

Describe the biological bases for morality.

Accepted Answer

Although a variety of built-in bases for

Question 18

Which of the following statements reflects Freud's view of guilt?

Accepted Answer

A)  Guilt does not emerge until middle childhood. 
B)  Guilt is a hostile impulse redirected toward the self. 
C)  Guilt is controlled by the id. 
D)  Guilt is a hostile impulse directed toward others. 
A)  Guilt does not emerge until middle childhood. 
B)  Guilt is a hostile impulse redirected toward the self. 
C)  Guilt is controlled by the id. 
D)  Guilt is a hostile impulse directed toward others.

Question 19

Ethnographic evidence indicates that corporal punishment increases in societies with

Accepted Answer

A)  a collectivist orientation. 
B)  an individualistic orientation. 
C)  autocratic political decision making. 
D)  low rates of poverty. 
A)  a collectivist orientation. 
B)  an individualistic orientation. 
C)  autocratic political decision making. 
D)  low rates of poverty.

Question 20

Canadian children are more likely than Chinese children to favor lying

Accepted Answer

A)  when the intention is modesty. 
B)  to support the individual at the expense of the group. 
C)  to support the group at the expense of the individual. 
D)  when the intention is prosocial. 
A)  when the intention is modesty. 
B)  to support the individual at the expense of the group. 
C)  to support the group at the expense of the individual. 
D)  when the intention is prosocial.

With age, the emotional, reactive hot system is increasingly subordinated to the cognitive, reflective cool system, as a result of

Vamsee is a flexible and open-minded individual. He will most likely

Two chimpanzees embrace and groom each other after a physical fight in an apparent effort to restore their long-term relationship. This behavior is consistent with __________ perspective of morality.

Describe the development of aggression, including individual differences in aggressive behavior.

Research on adolescent aggression shows that late-onset youths

An alarming __________ percent of U.S. infants-who are not yet capable of complying with adult directives-get spanked or hit.

By what age do children clearly recognize the difference between truthfulness and lying?

Dr. Miller wants to assess the moral reasoning of young children with a short-answer questionnaire that allows for efficient gathering and scoring of information. Dr. Miller will most likely use the

In schools located in areas with high poverty, their large classes, weak instruction, rigid rules, and reduced academic expectations and opportunities

Research on induction shows that it

According to Piaget, two factors that limit children's moral understanding are and .

The connection between mature moral reasoning and action is , due to the .

Although physical violence is condoned in 10-year-old Jalila's household, she agrees with society that fighting is unacceptable and subsequently acts according to her personal standards. Jalila is demonstrating evidence of

In the past decade, wars have left _ million children physically disabled and _ million homeless.

According to Vygotsky, children cannot guide their own behavior until they have integrated standards represented in adult-child dialogues into their own

Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all

Describe the biological bases for morality.

Which of the following statements reflects Freud's view of guilt?

Ethnographic evidence indicates that corporal punishment increases in societies with

Canadian children are more likely than Chinese children to favor lying

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 12: Moral Development

With age, the emotional, reactive hot system is increasingly subordinated to the cognitive, reflective cool system, as a result of

Vamsee is a flexible and open-minded individual. He will most likely

Two chimpanzees embrace and groom each other after a physical fight in an apparent effort to restore their long-term relationship. This behavior is consistent with __________ perspective of morality.

Describe the development of aggression, including individual differences in aggressive behavior.

Research on adolescent aggression shows that late-onset youths

An alarming __________ percent of U.S. infants-who are not yet capable of complying with adult directives-get spanked or hit.

By what age do children clearly recognize the difference between truthfulness and lying?

Dr. Miller wants to assess the moral reasoning of young children with a short-answer questionnaire that allows for efficient gathering and scoring of information. Dr. Miller will most likely use the

In schools located in areas with high poverty, their large classes, weak instruction, rigid rules, and reduced academic expectations and opportunities

Research on induction shows that it

According to Piaget, two factors that limit children's moral understanding are __________ and __________.

The connection between mature moral reasoning and action is __________, due to the __________.

Although physical violence is condoned in 10-year-old Jalila's household, she agrees with society that fighting is unacceptable and subsequently acts according to her personal standards. Jalila is demonstrating evidence of

In the past decade, wars have left _____ million children physically disabled and _____ million homeless.

According to Vygotsky, children cannot guide their own behavior until they have integrated standards represented in adult-child dialogues into their own

Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all

Describe the biological bases for morality.

Which of the following statements reflects Freud's view of guilt?

Ethnographic evidence indicates that corporal punishment increases in societies with

Canadian children are more likely than Chinese children to favor lying

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

According to Piaget, two factors that limit children's moral understanding are and .

The connection between mature moral reasoning and action is , due to the .

In the past decade, wars have left _ million children physically disabled and _ million homeless.