Question 1

According to Piaget, older children in the morality of cooperation stage understand __________, which helps them realize that rules can be reinterpreted and revised.

Accepted Answer

A)  ideal reciprocity 
B)  realism 
C)  a moral dilemma 
D)  induction 
A)  ideal reciprocity 
B)  realism 
C)  a moral dilemma 
D)  induction

Question 2

According to Krebs and Denton, everyday moral judgments

Accepted Answer

A)  often focus on money matters. 
B)  overlap with Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. 
C)  are practical tools that people use to achieve their goals. 
D)  are often irrational and immature. 
A)  often focus on money matters. 
B)  overlap with Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. 
C)  are practical tools that people use to achieve their goals. 
D)  are often irrational and immature.

Question 3

Preschoolers more often than older children evaluate lies

Accepted Answer

A)  as always wrong. 
B)  as sometimes necessary. 
C)  in a positive manner. 
D)  based on the situation. 
A)  as always wrong. 
B)  as sometimes necessary. 
C)  in a positive manner. 
D)  based on the situation.

Question 4

Explain why positive discipline is effective and reduces the need for punishment.

Accepted Answer

The most effective forms of discipline e

Question 5

A key controversy about Kohlberg's theory is

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is not much research-validated support for his work. 
B)  with his belief that moral maturity is not achieved until the postconventional level. 
C)  that his stages focus solely on moral reasoning during early and middle childhood. 
D)  that cross-cultural studies do not support the progression from one stage to the next. 
A)  that there is not much research-validated support for his work. 
B)  with his belief that moral maturity is not achieved until the postconventional level. 
C)  that his stages focus solely on moral reasoning during early and middle childhood. 
D)  that cross-cultural studies do not support the progression from one stage to the next.

Question 6

__________ is associated with civic commitment that persists into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  Participation in nonsport extracurricular activities at school 
B)  Reading about social injustice in other countries 
C)  Attending youth rallies 
D)  Watching movies that have a strong social message 
A)  Participation in nonsport extracurricular activities at school 
B)  Reading about social injustice in other countries 
C)  Attending youth rallies 
D)  Watching movies that have a strong social message

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a social convention?

Accepted Answer

A)  a couple's decision to not have any children 
B)  a rule that forbids pets in a city zoo 
C)  the right to free speech that is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution 
D)  placing a napkin on your lap at meals 
A)  a couple's decision to not have any children 
B)  a rule that forbids pets in a city zoo 
C)  the right to free speech that is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution 
D)  placing a napkin on your lap at meals

Question 8

Between the ages of 6 and 11,

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive, or instrumental, aggression declines. 
B)  physical aggression declines, while verbal aggression increases. 
C)  girls' relational aggression becomes increasingly indirect. 
D)  teacher- and peer-reported aggression declines. 
A)  proactive, or instrumental, aggression declines. 
B)  physical aggression declines, while verbal aggression increases. 
C)  girls' relational aggression becomes increasingly indirect. 
D)  teacher- and peer-reported aggression declines.

Question 9

Mischel's research shows that diverting attention is especially important in teaching children to

Accepted Answer

A)  monitor temptation. 
B)  resist temptation. 
C)  transform stimuli in ways that emphasize arousing qualities. 
D)  be able to plan effectively. 
A)  monitor temptation. 
B)  resist temptation. 
C)  transform stimuli in ways that emphasize arousing qualities. 
D)  be able to plan effectively.

Question 10

Mr. and Mrs. Briggs, Caucasian-American parents, regularly use physical punishment with their son Max. Max will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  develop respect for adults. 
B)  avoid delinquent peers. 
C)  show a decrease in aggressive behavior. 
D)  engage in aggressive and antisocial behavior. 
A)  develop respect for adults. 
B)  avoid delinquent peers. 
C)  show a decrease in aggressive behavior. 
D)  engage in aggressive and antisocial behavior.

Question 11

Although a variety of built-in bases for morality have been posited, __________ and __________ are of prime importance.

Accepted Answer

A)  protection; charity 
B)  empathy; self-sacrifice 
C)  reproduction; competition 
D)  compassion; obedience 
A)  protection; charity 
B)  empathy; self-sacrifice 
C)  reproduction; competition 
D)  compassion; obedience

Question 12

In response to the Heinz dilemma, David says, "It's a natural thing for Heinz to want to save his wife, but it's still his duty as a citizen to obey the law." David is most likely in the stage of __________ orientation.

Accepted Answer

A)  social-order-maintaining 
B)  instrumental purpose 
C)  "good boy-good girl" 
D)  social-contract 
A)  social-order-maintaining 
B)  instrumental purpose 
C)  "good boy-good girl" 
D)  social-contract

Question 13

At age 3, Heike shows great concern when her mother injures her finger while gardening. Given her empathy in this situation, which of the following will be true of Heike at age 5?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is likely to ignore social convention in her moral behaviors. 
B)  She will show strong moral self-perceptions. 
C)  She will understand and act on moral imperatives. 
D)  Her empathy does not predict tendencies in moral identity or action. 
A)  She is likely to ignore social convention in her moral behaviors. 
B)  She will show strong moral self-perceptions. 
C)  She will understand and act on moral imperatives. 
D)  Her empathy does not predict tendencies in moral identity or action.

Question 14

Suze wants to foster moral maturity in her children. How should Suze interact with her children to accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maintain a high level of power assertion and a low level of decision making. 
B)  Always intervene when the children argue since sibling arguments often escalate to physical aggression. 
C)  Engage in moral discussions and encourage prosocial behavior. 
D)  Use either permissive or authoritarian child rearing. 
A)  Maintain a high level of power assertion and a low level of decision making. 
B)  Always intervene when the children argue since sibling arguments often escalate to physical aggression. 
C)  Engage in moral discussions and encourage prosocial behavior. 
D)  Use either permissive or authoritarian child rearing.

Question 15

Three-year-old Ally throws a block at her sister, who starts to cry. Her mother says, "Your sister is crying because you hurt her." Ally's mother is using __________ as a form of discipline.

Accepted Answer

A)  induction 
B)  reverse psychology 
C)  punishment 
D)  construction 
A)  induction 
B)  reverse psychology 
C)  punishment 
D)  construction

Question 16

If Tatum is in Kohlberg's stage of instrumental purpose orientation, which of the following statements would describe how she looks at moral dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Don't do that because you'll be in trouble if you do." 
B)  "Helping people is more important than following rules." 
C)  "If you can't do the time, don't do the crime." 
D)  "You do this for me, and I'll do that for you." 
A)  "Don't do that because you'll be in trouble if you do." 
B)  "Helping people is more important than following rules." 
C)  "If you can't do the time, don't do the crime." 
D)  "You do this for me, and I'll do that for you."

Question 17

According to social learning theorists, operant conditioning is not enough for young children to acquire moral responses because

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviors do not increase with positive reinforcement. 
B)  parents rarely provide reinforcement following a prosocial act. 
C)  many prosocial acts occur so rarely at first that reinforcement cannot explain their rapid development. 
D)  negative reinforcement does not decrease the likelihood of antisocial behavior. 
A)  prosocial behaviors do not increase with positive reinforcement. 
B)  parents rarely provide reinforcement following a prosocial act. 
C)  many prosocial acts occur so rarely at first that reinforcement cannot explain their rapid development. 
D)  negative reinforcement does not decrease the likelihood of antisocial behavior.

Question 18

Induction points out the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  unacceptable behavior, but does not lead to internalization of moral norms. 
B)  harsh punishment on moral development. 
C)  the child's prosocial behavior on adults and peers. 
D)  the child's misbehavior on others and makes it clear that the child caused it. 
A)  unacceptable behavior, but does not lead to internalization of moral norms. 
B)  harsh punishment on moral development. 
C)  the child's prosocial behavior on adults and peers. 
D)  the child's misbehavior on others and makes it clear that the child caused it.

Question 19

__________ refers to an adult-guided but adolescent-conducted small-group approach aimed at creating a prosocial climate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral self-relevance 
B)  Positive peer culture 
C)  Multisystemic therapy 
D)  Community justice 
A)  Moral self-relevance 
B)  Positive peer culture 
C)  Multisystemic therapy 
D)  Community justice

Question 20

For both boys and girls, persistently high physical or relational aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  predicts later externalizing problems but not internalizing problems. 
B)  predicts involvement in aggressive sports like hockey and rugby. 
C)  is associated with peer admiration and respect. 
D)  predicts later internalizing and externalizing difficulties and social skills deficits. 
A)  predicts later externalizing problems but not internalizing problems. 
B)  predicts involvement in aggressive sports like hockey and rugby. 
C)  is associated with peer admiration and respect. 
D)  predicts later internalizing and externalizing difficulties and social skills deficits.

According to Piaget, older children in the morality of cooperation stage understand __________, which helps them realize that rules can be reinterpreted and revised.

According to Krebs and Denton, everyday moral judgments

Preschoolers more often than older children evaluate lies

Explain why positive discipline is effective and reduces the need for punishment.

A key controversy about Kohlberg's theory is

__________ is associated with civic commitment that persists into adulthood.

Which of the following is an example of a social convention?

Between the ages of 6 and 11,

Mischel's research shows that diverting attention is especially important in teaching children to

Mr. and Mrs. Briggs, Caucasian-American parents, regularly use physical punishment with their son Max. Max will probably

Although a variety of built-in bases for morality have been posited, and are of prime importance.

In response to the Heinz dilemma, David says, "It's a natural thing for Heinz to want to save his wife, but it's still his duty as a citizen to obey the law." David is most likely in the stage of __________ orientation.

At age 3, Heike shows great concern when her mother injures her finger while gardening. Given her empathy in this situation, which of the following will be true of Heike at age 5?

Suze wants to foster moral maturity in her children. How should Suze interact with her children to accomplish this?

Three-year-old Ally throws a block at her sister, who starts to cry. Her mother says, "Your sister is crying because you hurt her." Ally's mother is using __________ as a form of discipline.

If Tatum is in Kohlberg's stage of instrumental purpose orientation, which of the following statements would describe how she looks at moral dilemmas?

According to social learning theorists, operant conditioning is not enough for young children to acquire moral responses because

Induction points out the effects of

__________ refers to an adult-guided but adolescent-conducted small-group approach aimed at creating a prosocial climate.

For both boys and girls, persistently high physical or relational aggression

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 12: Moral Development

According to Piaget, older children in the morality of cooperation stage understand __________, which helps them realize that rules can be reinterpreted and revised.

According to Krebs and Denton, everyday moral judgments

Preschoolers more often than older children evaluate lies

Explain why positive discipline is effective and reduces the need for punishment.

A key controversy about Kohlberg's theory is

__________ is associated with civic commitment that persists into adulthood.

Which of the following is an example of a social convention?

Between the ages of 6 and 11,

Mischel's research shows that diverting attention is especially important in teaching children to

Mr. and Mrs. Briggs, Caucasian-American parents, regularly use physical punishment with their son Max. Max will probably

Although a variety of built-in bases for morality have been posited, __________ and __________ are of prime importance.

In response to the Heinz dilemma, David says, "It's a natural thing for Heinz to want to save his wife, but it's still his duty as a citizen to obey the law." David is most likely in the stage of __________ orientation.

At age 3, Heike shows great concern when her mother injures her finger while gardening. Given her empathy in this situation, which of the following will be true of Heike at age 5?

Suze wants to foster moral maturity in her children. How should Suze interact with her children to accomplish this?

Three-year-old Ally throws a block at her sister, who starts to cry. Her mother says, "Your sister is crying because you hurt her." Ally's mother is using __________ as a form of discipline.

If Tatum is in Kohlberg's stage of instrumental purpose orientation, which of the following statements would describe how she looks at moral dilemmas?

According to social learning theorists, operant conditioning is not enough for young children to acquire moral responses because

Induction points out the effects of

__________ refers to an adult-guided but adolescent-conducted small-group approach aimed at creating a prosocial climate.

For both boys and girls, persistently high physical or relational aggression

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Although a variety of built-in bases for morality have been posited, and are of prime importance.