Question 1

What would be the effect of inhibiting the translation of Arc during the consolidation period?

Accepted Answer

It would return potentiated synapses to their unpotentiated stage.

Question 2

How do actin-dependent spine morphology changes create a more stable synapse?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of calcium is altered because the broad head and short neck allow the spine to more rapidly diffuse or eliminate the increased calcium resulting from NMDA receptor activation.

Question 3

Why does inhibiting the UPS interfere with consolidation?

Accepted Answer

The UPS is needed to degrade transcription inhibitors in the nucleus.

Question 4

The initial potentiation of synapses requires that cofilin must be phosphorylated and actin filaments be crosslinked.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

List in correct order at least five events involved in potentiating a synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List in correct order at least five...

Question 6

The induction stimulus sets in motion a set of processes that modify and _______ existing proteins during the stabilization phase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The induction stimulus sets in motion a...

Question 7

Which can be regarded as a major maintenance molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  MAPK 
B)  PKCι/λ 
C)  4e-BP 
D)  PKMζ 
E)  TrkB 
A)  MAPK 
B)  PKCι/λ 
C)  4e-BP 
D)  PKMζ 
E)  TrkB

Question 8

Learning spines are larger than memory spines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which occurs during the stabilizing of a potentiated synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)  The depolymerization function of cofilin is enhanced. 
B)  Calpain proteins are activated. 
C)  Phosphorylated GluA1 receptors are unable to influx calcium. 
D)  The UPS is active and limits the extent of potentiation. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  The depolymerization function of cofilin is enhanced. 
B)  Calpain proteins are activated. 
C)  Phosphorylated GluA1 receptors are unable to influx calcium. 
D)  The UPS is active and limits the extent of potentiation. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 10

Why is it likely that memory maintenance molecules other than PKMζ exist?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it likely that memory maintenance...

Question 11

Actin filaments are necessary for the initial synthesis of PKMζ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  No spine growth is observed during the generation stage. 
B)  Integrin molecules are activated during initial induction. 
C)  Cofilin is phosphorylated during stabilization. 
D)  Myosin IIb motor proteins are activated during stabilization. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  No spine growth is observed during the generation stage. 
B)  Integrin molecules are activated during initial induction. 
C)  Cofilin is phosphorylated during stabilization. 
D)  Myosin IIb motor proteins are activated during stabilization. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 13

What are the two main goals of the consolidation stage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two main goals of...

Question 14

Four hours after LTP is induced, it can no longer be reversed by disrupting protein synthesis, transcription, the BDNF-TrkB pathway, or the translation of Arc into protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Spine size is largely determined by the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spine size is largely determined by the...

Question 16

What is the role of calpains?

Accepted Answer

To degrade actin net

Question 17

The initial potentiation of a synapse does not depend on either transcription or the translation of new protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A sustained increase in intracellular calcium is associated with the BDNF-TrkB pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is an important role of actin in the spine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an important role of actin...

Question 20

Stabilization processes require about 15 minutes to complete.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What would be the effect of inhibiting the translation of Arc during the consolidation period?

How do actin-dependent spine morphology changes create a more stable synapse?

Why does inhibiting the UPS interfere with consolidation?

The initial potentiation of synapses requires that cofilin must be phosphorylated and actin filaments be crosslinked.

List in correct order at least five events involved in potentiating a synapse.

The induction stimulus sets in motion a set of processes that modify and _______ existing proteins during the stabilization phase.

Which can be regarded as a major maintenance molecule?

Learning spines are larger than memory spines.

Which occurs during the stabilizing of a potentiated synapse?

Why is it likely that memory maintenance molecules other than PKMζ exist?

Actin filaments are necessary for the initial synthesis of PKMζ.

Which statement is false?

What are the two main goals of the consolidation stage?

Four hours after LTP is induced, it can no longer be reversed by disrupting protein synthesis, transcription, the BDNF-TrkB pathway, or the translation of Arc into protein.

Spine size is largely determined by the _______.

What is the role of calpains?

The initial potentiation of a synapse does not depend on either transcription or the translation of new protein.

A sustained increase in intracellular calcium is associated with the BDNF-TrkB pathway.

What is an important role of actin in the spine?

Stabilization processes require about 15 minutes to complete.

Introduction: Fundamental Concepts and Historical Foundations

Memory and the Brain: Central Concepts

Generating Long-Term Potentiation

Stabilizing Long-Term Potentiation

Consolidating Ltp: Translation and Transcription

Consolidating Ltp: Specific Mechanisms

Maintaining Long-Term Potentiation

Making Memories: Conceptual Issues and Methodologies

Memory Formation: Early Stages

Memory Consolidation

Memory Modulation Systems

The Yin and Yang of Memory: Forgetting Versus Maintenance

Hunting for Engrams

The Fate of Retrieved Memories

Memory Systems and the Hippocampus

The Hippocampus Index and Episodic Memory

When Memories Age

Actions, Habits, and the Cortico-Striatal System

Learning About Danger: the Neurobiology of Fear Memories

Filters

Exam 8: Bringing It All Together

What would be the effect of inhibiting the translation of Arc during the consolidation period?

How do actin-dependent spine morphology changes create a more stable synapse?

Why does inhibiting the UPS interfere with consolidation?

The initial potentiation of synapses requires that cofilin must be phosphorylated and actin filaments be crosslinked.

List in correct order at least five events involved in potentiating a synapse.

The induction stimulus sets in motion a set of processes that modify and _______ existing proteins during the stabilization phase.

Which can be regarded as a major maintenance molecule?

Learning spines are larger than memory spines.

Which occurs during the stabilizing of a potentiated synapse?

Why is it likely that memory maintenance molecules other than PKMζ exist?

Actin filaments are necessary for the initial synthesis of PKMζ.

Which statement is false?

What are the two main goals of the consolidation stage?

Four hours after LTP is induced, it can no longer be reversed by disrupting protein synthesis, transcription, the BDNF-TrkB pathway, or the translation of Arc into protein.

Spine size is largely determined by the _______.

What is the role of calpains?

The initial potentiation of a synapse does not depend on either transcription or the translation of new protein.

A sustained increase in intracellular calcium is associated with the BDNF-TrkB pathway.

What is an important role of actin in the spine?

Stabilization processes require about 15 minutes to complete.

Introduction: Fundamental Concepts and Historical Foundations

Memory and the Brain: Central Concepts

Generating Long-Term Potentiation

Stabilizing Long-Term Potentiation

Consolidating Ltp: Translation and Transcription

Consolidating Ltp: Specific Mechanisms

Maintaining Long-Term Potentiation

Making Memories: Conceptual Issues and Methodologies

Memory Formation: Early Stages

Memory Consolidation

Memory Modulation Systems

The Yin and Yang of Memory: Forgetting Versus Maintenance

Hunting for Engrams

The Fate of Retrieved Memories

Memory Systems and the Hippocampus

The Hippocampus Index and Episodic Memory

When Memories Age

Actions, Habits, and the Cortico-Striatal System

Learning About Danger: the Neurobiology of Fear Memories

Filters