Question 1

Describe how actin filaments are broken down into smaller units. Why is this beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Myosin IIb motor proteins use actin as tracks, and when they move, they exert a shearing force, breaking filaments into smaller segments. In its unphosphorylated state, cofilin severs actin filaments. These segments then can be used to assemble filaments elsewhere in the spine.

Question 2

In its non-phosphorylated state cofilin can sever actin filaments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Drugs like latrunculin and cytochalasin prevent actin polymerization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

What is a benefit of larger spines?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a benefit of larger spines?...

Question 5

Inhibiting the activity of myosin IIb prevents enduring _______ but has no effect on its _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inhibiting the activity of myosin IIb prevents...

Question 6

When actin polymerization is inhibited the actin cytoskeleton will enlarge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which action(s) influence(s) LTP stabilization but not induction? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Applying drugs that inhibit myosin IIb prior to TBS 
B)  Inactivation of the kinase LIMK 
C)  Phosphorylating cofilin 
D)  Preventing N-cadherin dimerization 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Applying drugs that inhibit myosin IIb prior to TBS 
B)  Inactivation of the kinase LIMK 
C)  Phosphorylating cofilin 
D)  Preventing N-cadherin dimerization 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

In Harou Kasai's study of single spine enlargement, what was the effect of antagonizing NMDA receptors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Harou Kasai's study of single spine...

Question 9

Applying drugs that inhibit myosin IIb prior to TBS prevents the induction and stabilization of LTP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In its inactive state CaMKII _______ actin filaments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In its inactive state CaMKII _______ actin...

Question 11

Briefly describe how the delivery of low-frequency stimulation prior to induction of LTP affects its generation and its stabilization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe how the delivery of low-frequency...

Question 12

What is an "adhesive zipper"?

Accepted Answer

This results when an N-cadheri

Question 13

Which statement(s) support(s) the hypothesis that actin polymerization is critical to stabilizing LTP? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Low-frequency stimulation following LTP induction prevents LTP from enduring. 
B)  Inhibiting NMDA receptors prevents LTP from enduring. 
C)  Inhibiting actin polymerization about 15 minutes following LTP induction prevents LTP from enduring. 
D)  Inhibiting actin polymerization prior to LTP induction does not prevent the generation of LTP. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Low-frequency stimulation following LTP induction prevents LTP from enduring. 
B)  Inhibiting NMDA receptors prevents LTP from enduring. 
C)  Inhibiting actin polymerization about 15 minutes following LTP induction prevents LTP from enduring. 
D)  Inhibiting actin polymerization prior to LTP induction does not prevent the generation of LTP. 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

_______ phosphorylates cofilin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ phosphorylates cofilin....

Question 15

In its normal non-phosphorylated state, cofilin _______. (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  bundles actin. 
B)  severs actin. 
C)  reorganizes actin. 
D)  crosslinks actin. 
E)  prevents actin polymerization 
A)  bundles actin. 
B)  severs actin. 
C)  reorganizes actin. 
D)  crosslinks actin. 
E)  prevents actin polymerization

Question 16

Low-frequency stimulation delivered 15 minutes after LTP induction has no effect on stabilization

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Actin can exist as both a monomer and a polymer. 
B)  In a phosphorylated state cofilin severs actin filament. 
C)  The kinase LIMK phosphorylates cofilin. 
D)  In a phosphorylated state cofilin permits actin polymerization. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Actin can exist as both a monomer and a polymer. 
B)  In a phosphorylated state cofilin severs actin filament. 
C)  The kinase LIMK phosphorylates cofilin. 
D)  In a phosphorylated state cofilin permits actin polymerization. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

The stabilization of LTP depends on the reorganization of N-cadherins, but the generation of it does not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In Harou Kasai's study of single spine enlargement, what was the effect of the actin polymerization inhibitor, latrunculin

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Harou Kasai's study of single spine...

Question 20

In its active state, LIMK _______ cofilin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In its active state, LIMK _______ cofilin....

Describe how actin filaments are broken down into smaller units. Why is this beneficial?

In its non-phosphorylated state cofilin can sever actin filaments.

Drugs like latrunculin and cytochalasin prevent actin polymerization.

What is a benefit of larger spines?

Inhibiting the activity of myosin IIb prevents enduring _ but has no effect on its _.

When actin polymerization is inhibited the actin cytoskeleton will enlarge.

Which action(s) influence(s) LTP stabilization but not induction? (Select all that apply.)

In Harou Kasai's study of single spine enlargement, what was the effect of antagonizing NMDA receptors?

Applying drugs that inhibit myosin IIb prior to TBS prevents the induction and stabilization of LTP.

In its inactive state CaMKII _______ actin filaments.

Briefly describe how the delivery of low-frequency stimulation prior to induction of LTP affects its generation and its stabilization.

What is an "adhesive zipper"?

Which statement(s) support(s) the hypothesis that actin polymerization is critical to stabilizing LTP? (Select all that apply.)

_______ phosphorylates cofilin.

In its normal non-phosphorylated state, cofilin _______. (Select all that apply.)

Low-frequency stimulation delivered 15 minutes after LTP induction has no effect on stabilization

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

The stabilization of LTP depends on the reorganization of N-cadherins, but the generation of it does not.

In Harou Kasai's study of single spine enlargement, what was the effect of the actin polymerization inhibitor, latrunculin

In its active state, LIMK _______ cofilin.

Introduction: Fundamental Concepts and Historical Foundations

Memory and the Brain: Central Concepts

Generating Long-Term Potentiation

Consolidating Ltp: Translation and Transcription

Consolidating Ltp: Specific Mechanisms

Maintaining Long-Term Potentiation

Bringing It All Together

Making Memories: Conceptual Issues and Methodologies

Memory Formation: Early Stages

Memory Consolidation

Memory Modulation Systems

The Yin and Yang of Memory: Forgetting Versus Maintenance

Hunting for Engrams

The Fate of Retrieved Memories

Memory Systems and the Hippocampus

The Hippocampus Index and Episodic Memory

When Memories Age

Actions, Habits, and the Cortico-Striatal System

Learning About Danger: the Neurobiology of Fear Memories

Filters

Exam 4: Stabilizing Long-Term Potentiation

Describe how actin filaments are broken down into smaller units. Why is this beneficial?

In its non-phosphorylated state cofilin can sever actin filaments.

Drugs like latrunculin and cytochalasin prevent actin polymerization.

What is a benefit of larger spines?

Inhibiting the activity of myosin IIb prevents enduring _______ but has no effect on its _______.

When actin polymerization is inhibited the actin cytoskeleton will enlarge.

Which action(s) influence(s) LTP stabilization but not induction? (Select all that apply.)

In Harou Kasai's study of single spine enlargement, what was the effect of antagonizing NMDA receptors?

Applying drugs that inhibit myosin IIb prior to TBS prevents the induction and stabilization of LTP.

In its inactive state CaMKII _______ actin filaments.

Briefly describe how the delivery of low-frequency stimulation prior to induction of LTP affects its generation and its stabilization.

What is an "adhesive zipper"?

Which statement(s) support(s) the hypothesis that actin polymerization is critical to stabilizing LTP? (Select all that apply.)

_______ phosphorylates cofilin.

In its normal non-phosphorylated state, cofilin _______. (Select all that apply.)

Low-frequency stimulation delivered 15 minutes after LTP induction has no effect on stabilization

Which statement(s) is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

The stabilization of LTP depends on the reorganization of N-cadherins, but the generation of it does not.

In Harou Kasai's study of single spine enlargement, what was the effect of the actin polymerization inhibitor, latrunculin

In its active state, LIMK _______ cofilin.

Introduction: Fundamental Concepts and Historical Foundations

Memory and the Brain: Central Concepts

Generating Long-Term Potentiation

Consolidating Ltp: Translation and Transcription

Consolidating Ltp: Specific Mechanisms

Maintaining Long-Term Potentiation

Bringing It All Together

Making Memories: Conceptual Issues and Methodologies

Memory Formation: Early Stages

Memory Consolidation

Memory Modulation Systems

The Yin and Yang of Memory: Forgetting Versus Maintenance

Hunting for Engrams

The Fate of Retrieved Memories

Memory Systems and the Hippocampus

The Hippocampus Index and Episodic Memory

When Memories Age

Actions, Habits, and the Cortico-Striatal System

Learning About Danger: the Neurobiology of Fear Memories

Filters

Inhibiting the activity of myosin IIb prevents enduring _ but has no effect on its _.