Question 1

How do lie detectors work?

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) connects several of the body's organs to the CNS. It is a motor system with an important role in the regulation of breathing, the heart rate and the operation of various glands. One common application of ANS measurement is the use of lie detectors. Generally measuring ANS activity via the sweat glands in the hands, lie detectors measure the degree of arousal - the working assumption being that people are more likely to be aroused (nervous, tense, anxious, fearful, frightened) when lying.

Question 2

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a cause of criminal behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

What are the problems with so called twins studies?

Accepted Answer

A) twins do not like being separated at birth 
B) separated twins might share similar home environments 
C) twins living together might share a close psychological bond 
D) official records of twins offending behaviour might be inaccurate 
A) twins do not like being separated at birth 
B) separated twins might share similar home environments 
C) twins living together might share a close psychological bond 
D) official records of twins offending behaviour might be inaccurate B,C,D

Question 4

Do biological factors play a part in the determining of criminal conduct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do biological factors play a part in...

Question 5

Biological positivism is primarily concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A) the study of the 'dark figure' of crime 
B) the interaction between biological and social factors 
C) Body size and shape 
D) Genetic predisposition and criminality 
A) the study of the 'dark figure' of crime 
B) the interaction between biological and social factors 
C) Body size and shape 
D) Genetic predisposition and criminality

Question 6

Eugenics is the study of:

Accepted Answer

A) twins separated at birth 
B) genetic factors 
C) why some people are criminals 
D) a rationale for imprisoning some people 
A) twins separated at birth 
B) genetic factors 
C) why some people are criminals 
D) a rationale for imprisoning some people

Question 7

What percentage of boys in a study by Osborn and West in the 1970s whose fathers had criminal records had criminal records themselves?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.4 
B) 0.33 
C) 0.5 
D) 0.75 
A) 0.4 
B) 0.33 
C) 0.5 
D) 0.75

Question 8

What sort of methodological problems beset research on biological influences on criminal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What sort of methodological problems beset research...

Question 9

Some of the controversial and negative effects of the early genetics movement were policy initiatives such as:

Accepted Answer

A) permanent segregation 
B) forced labour 
C) marriage restraints and sterilisation 
D) restrictive immigration policies 
A) permanent segregation 
B) forced labour 
C) marriage restraints and sterilisation 
D) restrictive immigration policies

Question 10

What is the link between testosterone and violence?

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone makes men hostile 
B) violent men have abnormally high levels of testosterone 
C) men are more violent than women 
D) there may be some link between hormone levels and aggression 
A) testosterone makes men hostile 
B) violent men have abnormally high levels of testosterone 
C) men are more violent than women 
D) there may be some link between hormone levels and aggression

Question 11

The finding that criminal conduct tends to run in families may be an indicator of the influence of heredity, but might equally be an indicator of the influence of environmental factors such as socialisation and peer group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In what year did involuntary sterilisation of the 'feeble minded' end in America?

Accepted Answer

A) 1800 
B) 1960 
C) 1980 
D) 1974 
A) 1800 
B) 1960 
C) 1980 
D) 1974

Question 13

Diet and nutrition play a part in crime and criminal behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why would criminologists study children who have been adopted soon after birth?

Accepted Answer

A) to see whether they do well at school 
B) to compare the adopted child's criminal record with biological and adoptive parents 
C) to provide a basis for looking at parenting skills 
D) to make sure they are living in good homes 
A) to see whether they do well at school 
B) to compare the adopted child's criminal record with biological and adoptive parents 
C) to provide a basis for looking at parenting skills 
D) to make sure they are living in good homes

Question 15

The 'nature versus nurture' debate is important for criminologists because:

Accepted Answer

A) genetics can provide the answer to why people commit crime 
B) they want to discover if there is a 'criminal gene' 
C) they want to know if family and upbringing have any effect on offending behaviour 
D) inherited traits may have an effect on offending patterns 
A) genetics can provide the answer to why people commit crime 
B) they want to discover if there is a 'criminal gene' 
C) they want to know if family and upbringing have any effect on offending behaviour 
D) inherited traits may have an effect on offending patterns

Question 16

Non-identical twins are:

Accepted Answer

A) monozygotic (MZ) 
B) always the same sex 
C) dizygotic twins (DZ) 
D) similar in eye colour 
A) monozygotic (MZ) 
B) always the same sex 
C) dizygotic twins (DZ) 
D) similar in eye colour

Exam 7: Biological Positivism

How do lie detectors work?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a cause of criminal behaviour.

What are the problems with so called twins studies?

Do biological factors play a part in the determining of criminal conduct?

Biological positivism is primarily concerned with:

Eugenics is the study of:

What percentage of boys in a study by Osborn and West in the 1970s whose fathers had criminal records had criminal records themselves?

What sort of methodological problems beset research on biological influences on criminal behaviour?

Some of the controversial and negative effects of the early genetics movement were policy initiatives such as:

What is the link between testosterone and violence?

The finding that criminal conduct tends to run in families may be an indicator of the influence of heredity, but might equally be an indicator of the influence of environmental factors such as socialisation and peer group.

In what year did involuntary sterilisation of the 'feeble minded' end in America?

Diet and nutrition play a part in crime and criminal behaviour.

Why would criminologists study children who have been adopted soon after birth?

The 'nature versus nurture' debate is important for criminologists because:

Non-identical twins are:

Understanding Crime and Criminology

Crime and Punishment in History

Crime Data and Crime Trends

Crime and the Media

Classicism and Positivism

Psychological Positivism

Durkheim, Anomie and Strain

The Chicago School, Subcultures and Cultural Criminology

Interactionism and Labelling Theory

Control Theories

Radical and Critical Criminology

Realist Criminology

Contemporary Classicism

Feminist Criminology

Late Modernity, Governmentality and Risk

Victims, Victimisation and Victimology

White Collar and Corporate Crime

Organised Crime

Violent and Property Crime

Drugs and Alcohol

Penology and Punishment

Understanding Criminal Justice

Crime Prevention and Community Safety

Policing

Criminal Courts and the Court Process

Sentencing and Non-Custodial Penalties

Prisons and Imprisonment

Youth Crime and Youth Justice

Restorative Justice

Race, Crime and Criminal Justice

Gender, Crime and Justice

Criminal and Forensic Psychology

Green Criminology

Globalisation, Terrorism and Human Rights

Understanding Criminological Research

Doing Criminological Research

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