Question 1

Arguably, who are likely to suffer most as the victims of environmental crimes?

Accepted Answer

A) everyone is equally a potential victim 
B) non human animals 
C) the relatively powerless and disenfranchised 
D) all of the above 
A) everyone is equally a potential victim 
B) non human animals 
C) the relatively powerless and disenfranchised 
D) all of the above C

Question 2

How can states be guilty of environmental crime?

Accepted Answer

There is considerable evidence that state agencies in the developed world have a less than pure record in this field. Brook (2009), for example, argues that the U.S. government historically has targeted the lands occupied by native American tribes as sites for depositing many of the poisonous by-products of modern industrial society.

Question 3

What sort of activities might be included in the list of concerns for those arguing for a social harm perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) manipulation and exploitation of natural resources (such as pollution infractions) 
B) wildlife violations (such as trade in endangered species) 
C) illegal extraction of natural resources (illegal logging, mining, fishing and plant removal) 
D) illegal land management (filling of wetlands, removal of endangered species) 
A) manipulation and exploitation of natural resources (such as pollution infractions) 
B) wildlife violations (such as trade in endangered species) 
C) illegal extraction of natural resources (illegal logging, mining, fishing and plant removal) 
D) illegal land management (filling of wetlands, removal of endangered species) A,B,C,D

Question 4

What are the three foundations of a 'green perspective' in criminology?

Accepted Answer

A) Studies of regulation, disasters and corporate and state violations 
B) Legal and social censures 
C) Social movements and environmental politics 
D) Crop circles 
A) Studies of regulation, disasters and corporate and state violations 
B) Legal and social censures 
C) Social movements and environmental politics 
D) Crop circles

Question 5

In explaining the way environmental issues become criminalised why has the 'green perspective' been adopted by criminologists over the term 'environmental crime'?

Accepted Answer

A) to show that the concern is for plants and trees 
B) to avoid confusion with crime associated with spacial factors 
C) to show that it is about a political stance 
A) to show that the concern is for plants and trees 
B) to avoid confusion with crime associated with spacial factors 
C) to show that it is about a political stance

Question 6

One of the concerns at the heart of 'green criminology' revolve around the notion of 'environmental harm'. How has the relationship between human actors and their environment been conceptualised by Halsey and White (1998)?

Accepted Answer

A) 'anthropocentric' 
B) 'biocentric' 
C) 'econcentric' 
D) 'geocentric' 
A) 'anthropocentric' 
B) 'biocentric' 
C) 'econcentric' 
D) 'geocentric'

Question 7

Why is it difficult to produce reliable the scale of the problem in the trade in protected wildlife?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it difficult to produce reliable...

Question 8

What is the main problem identified by Wellsmith (2010) with situational crime prevention in terms of the illicit trade in endangered species?

Accepted Answer

A) a lack of vigilance by locals/tourists 
B) 'displacement' to other species and other types of illegal activity 
C) customs officers 
A) a lack of vigilance by locals/tourists 
B) 'displacement' to other species and other types of illegal activity 
C) customs officers

Question 9

Identify four primary categories of environmental harm.

Accepted Answer

A) air pollution 
B) deforestation 
C) transport 
D) water pollution 
E) general resource depletion 
A) air pollution 
B) deforestation 
C) transport 
D) water pollution 
E) general resource depletion

Question 10

Why are crimes against the environment, or nature, said to be closely linked with issues of globalisation and risk?

Accepted Answer

A) because they are a relatively new area of criminological concern 
B) because they are linked to 'grass roots' activism 
C) because it is clear that environmental dangers are no respecters of national boundaries 
A) because they are a relatively new area of criminological concern 
B) because they are linked to 'grass roots' activism 
C) because it is clear that environmental dangers are no respecters of national boundaries

Question 11

Why are Ulrich Beck's ideas about a 'risk society' relevant to green criminology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are Ulrich Beck's ideas about a...

Question 12

What is said to be the link between the new 'regulatory capitalism' and the environmental sphere?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is said to be the link...

Question 13

International trade bans could solve the problem of the import/export of endangered species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Transnational organised crime is involved in environmental violations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

It is thought that stronger systems of regulation and control could prevent transnational environmental crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Organized crime would appear long to have had connections with the waste disposal industry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Grabosky and Grant (2000: 3) suggest that the prevention of environmental crime will usually require a "magic bullet"

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 36: Globalisation, Terrorism and Human Rights

Arguably, who are likely to suffer most as the victims of environmental crimes?

How can states be guilty of environmental crime?

What sort of activities might be included in the list of concerns for those arguing for a social harm perspective?

What are the three foundations of a 'green perspective' in criminology?

In explaining the way environmental issues become criminalised why has the 'green perspective' been adopted by criminologists over the term 'environmental crime'?

One of the concerns at the heart of 'green criminology' revolve around the notion of 'environmental harm'. How has the relationship between human actors and their environment been conceptualised by Halsey and White (1998)?

Why is it difficult to produce reliable the scale of the problem in the trade in protected wildlife?

What is the main problem identified by Wellsmith (2010) with situational crime prevention in terms of the illicit trade in endangered species?

Identify four primary categories of environmental harm.

Why are crimes against the environment, or nature, said to be closely linked with issues of globalisation and risk?

Why are Ulrich Beck's ideas about a 'risk society' relevant to green criminology?

What is said to be the link between the new 'regulatory capitalism' and the environmental sphere?

International trade bans could solve the problem of the import/export of endangered species.

Transnational organised crime is involved in environmental violations.

It is thought that stronger systems of regulation and control could prevent transnational environmental crime.

Organized crime would appear long to have had connections with the waste disposal industry.

Grabosky and Grant (2000: 3) suggest that the prevention of environmental crime will usually require a "magic bullet"

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