Question 1

Why is 'victim-blaming' criticised by some criminologists?

Accepted Answer

A) because it is target-driven 
B) because it ignores individual choice and events 
C) because it denies the victim status 
D) because it pays too much attention to the victim's structural circumstances 
A) because it is target-driven 
B) because it ignores individual choice and events 
C) because it denies the victim status 
D) because it pays too much attention to the victim's structural circumstances C

Question 2

What is the idea at the heart of radical victimology?

Accepted Answer

A) Rising crime rates 
B) Police arresting people from various vulnerable groups 
C) A concern with structural inequalities and how these come to shape and mould the distribution of victimization 
A) Rising crime rates 
B) Police arresting people from various vulnerable groups 
C) A concern with structural inequalities and how these come to shape and mould the distribution of victimization C

Question 3

Victims and offenders are different 'types' of people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

What can labelling theory contribute to our understanding of 'victims'?

Accepted Answer

A) To understand under what circumstances some people are treated as victims 
B) To understand the psychology of crime 
C) To help solve crimes 
D) To consider whether there are there particular consequences from having such a label attached (or denied) 
A) To understand under what circumstances some people are treated as victims 
B) To understand the psychology of crime 
C) To help solve crimes 
D) To consider whether there are there particular consequences from having such a label attached (or denied)

Question 5

Why are crime surveys considered to be 'blunt instruments' when it comes to revealing the impact of repeat victimization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are crime surveys considered to be...

Question 6

What does positivist victimology focus upon?

Accepted Answer

A) the arrest of offenders 
B) Patterns of victimization and how these may be related to crime prevention or crime reduction 
C) improving the life chances of victims 
A) the arrest of offenders 
B) Patterns of victimization and how these may be related to crime prevention or crime reduction 
C) improving the life chances of victims

Question 7

In the past why were some people considered to be 'culpable victims'?

Accepted Answer

A) Because they were physically weak 
B) Because they appeared affluent 
C) They often start fights 
D) They take risks 
A) Because they were physically weak 
B) Because they appeared affluent 
C) They often start fights 
D) They take risks

Question 8

Under the 1985 United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power a person may not be considered a victim, unless the perpetrator is identified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which group are now seen as the 'forgotten' party in criminal justice?

Accepted Answer

A) the offender 
B) the victim 
C) the suspect 
A) the offender 
B) the victim 
C) the suspect

Question 10

According to Mawby and Walklate (1994) what are the key concepts around which critical criminology should be organised?

Accepted Answer

A) rights 
B) citizenship 
C) women 
D) the state 
A) rights 
B) citizenship 
C) women 
D) the state

Question 11

What factors led to the rise of 'victim's movements' over the past 30 years?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors led to the rise of...

Question 12

In Christie's model what is the difference between 'ideal-type' victims and the offender?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Christie's model what is the difference...

Question 13

People who have been arrested in the past are themselves more likely to become the victims of homicide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which three almost-always elements does Marcus Felson argue criminal acts usually have?

Accepted Answer

A) a likely offender 
B) a suitable target 
C) insufficiently harsh prison sentences 
D) the absence of a capable guardian against the offence 
A) a likely offender 
B) a suitable target 
C) insufficiently harsh prison sentences 
D) the absence of a capable guardian against the offence

Question 15

Women are more likely to be the victims of violent crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why has the 'fear of crime' debate become important over the past decade or two?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why has the 'fear of crime' debate...

Question 17

According to Nils Christie (1986), the ideal victim is:

Accepted Answer

A) female 
B) innocent 
C) poor 
A) female 
B) innocent 
C) poor

Question 18

What led to the emergence of the term 'victimology'?

Accepted Answer

A) A term to blame the victim was needed 
B) To highlight the interests of victims 
C) To organise the study of victims into a coherent academic concern 
D) To help publicise the plight of vulnerable victims such as children 
A) A term to blame the victim was needed 
B) To highlight the interests of victims 
C) To organise the study of victims into a coherent academic concern 
D) To help publicise the plight of vulnerable victims such as children

Question 19

Repeat victimisation shows that people who have been burgled once are statistically less likely to become victims of the same crime again.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What impact have Victims' Charters had on their rights?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What impact have Victims' Charters had on...

Exam 18: Victims, Victimisation and Victimology

Why is 'victim-blaming' criticised by some criminologists?

What is the idea at the heart of radical victimology?

Victims and offenders are different 'types' of people.

What can labelling theory contribute to our understanding of 'victims'?

Why are crime surveys considered to be 'blunt instruments' when it comes to revealing the impact of repeat victimization?

What does positivist victimology focus upon?

In the past why were some people considered to be 'culpable victims'?

Under the 1985 United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power a person may not be considered a victim, unless the perpetrator is identified.

Which group are now seen as the 'forgotten' party in criminal justice?

According to Mawby and Walklate (1994) what are the key concepts around which critical criminology should be organised?

What factors led to the rise of 'victim's movements' over the past 30 years?

In Christie's model what is the difference between 'ideal-type' victims and the offender?

People who have been arrested in the past are themselves more likely to become the victims of homicide.

Which three almost-always elements does Marcus Felson argue criminal acts usually have?

Women are more likely to be the victims of violent crime.

Why has the 'fear of crime' debate become important over the past decade or two?

According to Nils Christie (1986), the ideal victim is:

What led to the emergence of the term 'victimology'?

Repeat victimisation shows that people who have been burgled once are statistically less likely to become victims of the same crime again.

What impact have Victims' Charters had on their rights?

Understanding Crime and Criminology

Crime and Punishment in History

Crime Data and Crime Trends

Crime and the Media

Classicism and Positivism

Biological Positivism

Psychological Positivism

Durkheim, Anomie and Strain

The Chicago School, Subcultures and Cultural Criminology

Interactionism and Labelling Theory

Control Theories

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Realist Criminology

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Feminist Criminology

Late Modernity, Governmentality and Risk

White Collar and Corporate Crime

Organised Crime

Violent and Property Crime

Drugs and Alcohol

Penology and Punishment

Understanding Criminal Justice

Crime Prevention and Community Safety

Policing

Criminal Courts and the Court Process

Sentencing and Non-Custodial Penalties

Prisons and Imprisonment

Youth Crime and Youth Justice

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Race, Crime and Criminal Justice

Gender, Crime and Justice

Criminal and Forensic Psychology

Green Criminology

Globalisation, Terrorism and Human Rights

Understanding Criminological Research

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