Question 1

Elias' ideas around 'The Civilizing Process' focused on:

Accepted Answer

A) changing social mores 
B) increasing self control over bodily functions 
C) declining levels of violence 
D) decentralisation of state power 
A) changing social mores 
B) increasing self control over bodily functions 
C) declining levels of violence 
D) decentralisation of state power A,B,C

Question 2

The work of Michel Foucault has had a great impact on the contemporary study of punishment. Most centrally, a body of work has appeared in recent years, generally referred to as 'governmentality theory' that has built on some of Foucault's ideas in this area. Ideas in this area arise out of Foucault's stress not on government, but on forms of governing or, typically, governance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The family is just one site through which processes of responsibilisation occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

What is penology?

Accepted Answer

A) finding out if 'prisons works' 
B) the study of punishment and its socio-cultural practices 
C) putting more people in prison 
A) finding out if 'prisons works' 
B) the study of punishment and its socio-cultural practices 
C) putting more people in prison

Question 5

What are the aims of retributivists?

Accepted Answer

A) the reintroduction of corporal punishment 
B) the reinstatement of capital punishment for murder 
C) To impose something (punishment) in response to actions already undertaken 
A) the reintroduction of corporal punishment 
B) the reinstatement of capital punishment for murder 
C) To impose something (punishment) in response to actions already undertaken

Question 6

Weber argues there are three types of authority:

Accepted Answer

A) traditional 
B) parental 
C) charismatic 
D) rational-legal 
A) traditional 
B) parental 
C) charismatic 
D) rational-legal

Question 7

A small proportion of offenders are disproportionately responsible for a significant proportion of crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Does general deterrence work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does general deterrence work?...

Question 9

Why did deterrence-based approaches to punishment decline?

Accepted Answer

A) the population was in decline 
B) social changes as a result of industrialisation increased demand for labour and so offenders were needed as workers 
C) positivistic-influenced social sciences began to develop which questioned rational choice theories 
A) the population was in decline 
B) social changes as a result of industrialisation increased demand for labour and so offenders were needed as workers 
C) positivistic-influenced social sciences began to develop which questioned rational choice theories

Question 10

Foucault uses his historical method to uncover two different penal styles, the earlier one where the monarch has power over citizens' bodies, that later one which governs the mind or 'soul'.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Marx and Engels argued that a society's ideological superstructure - including punishment - will tend to reflect the class interests of the economic base. The primary function of punishment, therefore, is the maintenance of the social order.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In thinking about justifications for punishments, approaches are generally divided into two main camps. What are the aims of the consequentialists?

Accepted Answer

A) to put serious offenders in prison for longer periods 
B) consequentialist approaches tend to justify punishment on the basis of what it will achieve in the future 
C) they aim to show that street robbery is more serious than white collar crime 
A) to put serious offenders in prison for longer periods 
B) consequentialist approaches tend to justify punishment on the basis of what it will achieve in the future 
C) they aim to show that street robbery is more serious than white collar crime

Question 13

'Just deserts' or 'desert theory' is an argument that:

Accepted Answer

A) punishment ought to be proportionate to the harm caused by the crime 
B) The punishment is enacted because the offender deserves it 
C) Offenders should serve their sentences in the desert 
A) punishment ought to be proportionate to the harm caused by the crime 
B) The punishment is enacted because the offender deserves it 
C) Offenders should serve their sentences in the desert

Question 14

What are the implications of Marxist theory for an understanding of punishment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the implications of Marxist theory...

Question 15

What shortcomings are levelled at rehabilitative approaches?

Accepted Answer

A) taking an empathetic view of offenders 
B) holding an overly-determined view of behaviour 
C) placing too much emphasis on social and cultural conditions 
D) Placing too little emphasis on the ability of individuals to make decisions and choices 
A) taking an empathetic view of offenders 
B) holding an overly-determined view of behaviour 
C) placing too much emphasis on social and cultural conditions 
D) Placing too little emphasis on the ability of individuals to make decisions and choices

Question 16

Retributivists believe that punishment should not be a means to an end,

Accepted Answer

A) but should be physically restrictive 
B) but should lead to remorse 
C) but an end in itself 
A) but should be physically restrictive 
B) but should lead to remorse 
C) but an end in itself

Question 17

According to Durkheim, what are the implications of his analysis of social solidarity (mechanical and organic) in terms of the use of the prison?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Durkheim, what are the implications...

Question 18

Does individual deterrence work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does individual deterrence work?...

Question 19

What is the thinking behind the incapacitation of offenders?

Accepted Answer

A) that they will not reoffend once they are released 
B) 'prison works' 
C) Rehabilitation 
A) that they will not reoffend once they are released 
B) 'prison works' 
C) Rehabilitation

Exam 23: Penology and Punishment

Elias' ideas around 'The Civilizing Process' focused on:

The family is just one site through which processes of responsibilisation occur.

What is penology?

What are the aims of retributivists?

Weber argues there are three types of authority:

A small proportion of offenders are disproportionately responsible for a significant proportion of crime.

Does general deterrence work?

Why did deterrence-based approaches to punishment decline?

Foucault uses his historical method to uncover two different penal styles, the earlier one where the monarch has power over citizens' bodies, that later one which governs the mind or 'soul'.

Marx and Engels argued that a society's ideological superstructure - including punishment - will tend to reflect the class interests of the economic base. The primary function of punishment, therefore, is the maintenance of the social order.

In thinking about justifications for punishments, approaches are generally divided into two main camps. What are the aims of the consequentialists?

'Just deserts' or 'desert theory' is an argument that:

What are the implications of Marxist theory for an understanding of punishment?

What shortcomings are levelled at rehabilitative approaches?

Retributivists believe that punishment should not be a means to an end,

According to Durkheim, what are the implications of his analysis of social solidarity (mechanical and organic) in terms of the use of the prison?

Does individual deterrence work?

What is the thinking behind the incapacitation of offenders?

Understanding Crime and Criminology

Crime and Punishment in History

Crime Data and Crime Trends

Crime and the Media

Classicism and Positivism

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Psychological Positivism

Durkheim, Anomie and Strain

The Chicago School, Subcultures and Cultural Criminology

Interactionism and Labelling Theory

Control Theories

Radical and Critical Criminology

Realist Criminology

Contemporary Classicism

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Late Modernity, Governmentality and Risk

Victims, Victimisation and Victimology

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Understanding Criminal Justice

Crime Prevention and Community Safety

Policing

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Prisons and Imprisonment

Youth Crime and Youth Justice

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Race, Crime and Criminal Justice

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Criminal and Forensic Psychology

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