Exam 31: Restorative Justice

In the late 1990s the UK government attempted to summarise its approach to restorative justice using the so -called '3-Rs'.

How does restorative justice enable those around the offender to share elements of responsibility?

Upon whom does restorative justice seek to place greater emphasis upon?

When was Nils Christie's article arguing for a shift away from traditional criminal justice published?

How have restorative justice practices and values been introduced to the adult formal justice system in the last decade?

In England and Wales Young offenders appearing before youth offender panels constituted by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999are not usually accompanied by a legal representative.

What is the case for using restorative justice processes for offences of domestic violence?

What are the three core elements of RJ according to Marshall's (1996) definition?

According to John Braithwaite restorative justice in practice primarily means repaying financial losses to victims.

How is restorative justice generally presented?

Restorative justice advocates claim that traditional, retributive criminal justice approaches are overly preoccupied with:

In which country did restorative conferencing emerge in recent times?

What advantages of restorative justice did Christie identify for the victim?

What sort of positive effects might restorative justice have upon the offender?

How have restorative justice practices influenced the treatment of young offenders in the past decade?

In which countries is restorative justice said to have been inspired by indigenous practices?

Restorative justice is not suitable for some offences such as cases of corporate crime

The first recognised victim-offender mediation programme was established in Canada in Kitchener, Ontario. It was established in the 1970s by the Mennonites - a Christian sect of Anabaptists (re-baptisers)

What is the agreed upon definition of restorative justice?

According to Braithwaite, what is the difference between reintegrative shaming and disintegrative shaming?