Question 1

In both the U.S.legal system and in scientific disputes,the "burden of proof" falls on whom?​

Accepted Answer

A) Someone who is proposing a more parsimonious explanation 
B) ​Someone who is suspected of being dishonest 
C) ​Someone who should be in the better position to provide convincing evidence 
D) ​Someone who is defending the more popular beliefs or values 
A) Someone who is proposing a more parsimonious explanation 
B) ​Someone who is suspected of being dishonest 
C) ​Someone who should be in the better position to provide convincing evidence 
D) ​Someone who is defending the more popular beliefs or values

Question 2

After all people in an experiment watch a movie,those in the experimental group get hypnotized before trying to remember details from the movie.What will the control group in this experiment do?​

Accepted Answer

A) Answer the questions without being hypnotized. 
B) ​Measure the memory of the people in the experimental group. 
C) ​Decide whether they want to be hypnotized. 
D) ​Help the experimenter design the next experiment. 
A) Answer the questions without being hypnotized. 
B) ​Measure the memory of the people in the experimental group. 
C) ​Decide whether they want to be hypnotized. 
D) ​Help the experimenter design the next experiment.

Question 3

An investigator analyzes the results determines that p < 0.05.Why is p important?​

Accepted Answer

A) It tells us how many individuals were affected by the experimental treatment. 
B) ​It tells us how accurately the experimenter measured the results. 
C) ​It tells us how improbable the results would be by chance alone. 
D) ​It tells us how consistent the results are from one study to another. 
A) It tells us how many individuals were affected by the experimental treatment. 
B) ​It tells us how accurately the experimenter measured the results. 
C) ​It tells us how improbable the results would be by chance alone. 
D) ​It tells us how consistent the results are from one study to another.

Question 4

If someone publishes surprising but incorrect results,in the long run people will not take the study seriously.Why not?​

Accepted Answer

A) The interpretation will not be parsimonious. 
B) ​The methods will not be explained in enough detail. 
C) ​The hypothesis will not be plausible. 
D) ​The results will not be replicable. 
A) The interpretation will not be parsimonious. 
B) ​The methods will not be explained in enough detail. 
C) ​The hypothesis will not be plausible. 
D) ​The results will not be replicable.

Question 5

In science and in a criminal trial,who has the "burden of proof"-that is,the obligation to demonstrate that its claims are correct?​

Accepted Answer

A) The side defending the more popular point of view 
B) ​The side defending the more interesting theory 
C) ​The side that should be able to produce good evidence, if they are right 
D) ​The side that has more to lose 
A) The side defending the more popular point of view 
B) ​The side defending the more interesting theory 
C) ​The side that should be able to produce good evidence, if they are right 
D) ​The side that has more to lose

Question 6

Why is it sometimes important for an experiment to use a blind observer?​

Accepted Answer

A) To minimize the effect of experimenter bias 
B) ​To avoid the need for informed consent 
C) ​To combine the results of the experiment with a correlational study 
D) ​To minimize the effect of an independent variable 
A) To minimize the effect of experimenter bias 
B) ​To avoid the need for informed consent 
C) ​To combine the results of the experiment with a correlational study 
D) ​To minimize the effect of an independent variable

Question 7

In what kind of sample does everyone in the population have an equal chance of being chosen?​

Accepted Answer

A) A random sample 
B) ​A representative sample 
C) ​A convenience sample 
D) ​An elite sample 
A) A random sample 
B) ​A representative sample 
C) ​A convenience sample 
D) ​An elite sample

Question 8

Who,if anyone,supervises the treatment of laboratory animals?​

Accepted Answer

A) A committee appointed by the college or other institution​ 
B) ​The company that sold the animals to the researcher 
C) ​Anyone who wishes to inspect the laboratory 
D) No one, other than the researchers themselves​ 
A) A committee appointed by the college or other institution​ 
B) ​The company that sold the animals to the researcher 
C) ​Anyone who wishes to inspect the laboratory 
D) No one, other than the researchers themselves​

Question 9

If most scores are far from the mean,what will be true of the standard deviation?​

Accepted Answer

A) It will be equal to the mean.​ 
B) ​It will be small. 
C) ​It will be large. 
D) ​It will be hard to calculate. 
A) It will be equal to the mean.​ 
B) ​It will be small. 
C) ​It will be large. 
D) ​It will be hard to calculate.

Question 10

Which of the following claims would NOT be falsifiable?​

Accepted Answer

A) "Anxiety is more common in young adults than in old people." 
B) ​"Mothers who take folic acid during pregnancy tend to have healthier children." 
C) ​"Dreams are often disguised to hide their true meaning." 
D) ​"Early music training improves children's language development." 
A) "Anxiety is more common in young adults than in old people." 
B) ​"Mothers who take folic acid during pregnancy tend to have healthier children." 
C) ​"Dreams are often disguised to hide their true meaning." 
D) ​"Early music training improves children's language development."

Question 11

To which of the following does an experimenter apply "random assignment"?​

Accepted Answer

A) Research participants 
B) ​Means and medians 
C) ​Correlation coefficients 
D) ​Survey questions 
A) Research participants 
B) ​Means and medians 
C) ​Correlation coefficients 
D) ​Survey questions

Question 12

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables-that is,the weakest ability to use one variable to predict the other?​

Accepted Answer

A) +1 
B) ​0.5 
C) ​0 
D) ​-1 
A) +1 
B) ​0.5 
C) ​0 
D) ​-1

Question 13

Research with humans requires informed consent.Who signs that informed consent?​

Accepted Answer

A) The experimenter 
B) ​The state or national association of psychologists 
C) ​The people participating in the study 
D) ​The president of the university 
A) The experimenter 
B) ​The state or national association of psychologists 
C) ​The people participating in the study 
D) ​The president of the university

Question 14

What is a "blind observer" in an experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) A blind observer does not know the experimenter's predictions. 
B) ​A blind observer has no previous experience in psychological research. 
C) ​A blind observer tries to predict the results before the experiment starts. 
D) ​A blind observer listens to people without watching them. 
A) A blind observer does not know the experimenter's predictions. 
B) ​A blind observer has no previous experience in psychological research. 
C) ​A blind observer tries to predict the results before the experiment starts. 
D) ​A blind observer listens to people without watching them.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of normal distributions?​

Accepted Answer

A) The mean is zero. 
B) ​The mean equals twice the median. 
C) ​The median equals twice the mean. 
D) ​The distribution is symmetrical. 
A) The mean is zero. 
B) ​The mean equals twice the median. 
C) ​The median equals twice the mean. 
D) ​The distribution is symmetrical.

Question 16

If increases in one variable have no consistent relationship to changes in a second variable,what is the correlation between them?​

Accepted Answer

A) -1 
B) ​0 
C) ​.5 
D) ​1 
A) -1 
B) ​0 
C) ​.5 
D) ​1

Question 17

A researcher asks a group of unhappy people to follow the advice in their newspaper horoscopes,and finds that over six months most of them become happier.What is the main problem with this research?​

Accepted Answer

A) Most scientists are skeptical of horoscopes. 
B) ​The study has no control group. 
C) ​The study has too many independent variables. 
D) ​Six months is too short a time for a before-and-after study. 
A) Most scientists are skeptical of horoscopes. 
B) ​The study has no control group. 
C) ​The study has too many independent variables. 
D) ​Six months is too short a time for a before-and-after study.

Question 18

Healthy people tend to be happier than unhealthy people.From this kind of information,which of the following (if any)can we conclude?​

Accepted Answer

A) Good health increases people's happiness. 
B) ​Happiness increases people's efforts to maintain their health. 
C) ​Certain genes that tend to increase happiness also tend to improve health. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions. 
A) Good health increases people's happiness. 
B) ​Happiness increases people's efforts to maintain their health. 
C) ​Certain genes that tend to increase happiness also tend to improve health. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions.

Question 19

Suppose someone finds that people who drank coffee got less sleep than those who didn't.To know whether this statement came from an experiment or a correlation,which question should we ask?​

Accepted Answer

A) Were people randomly assigned to two groups, or did they decide for themselves? 
B) ​Was this the result for just one night, or the average over several nights? 
C) ​In what way did the researchers measure the amount of sleep? 
D) ​How large was the difference between the two groups? 
A) Were people randomly assigned to two groups, or did they decide for themselves? 
B) ​Was this the result for just one night, or the average over several nights? 
C) ​In what way did the researchers measure the amount of sleep? 
D) ​How large was the difference between the two groups?

Question 20

If the standard deviation is small,then which of these is correct?​

Accepted Answer

A) Most scores are inaccurate. 
B) ​Most scores are larger than the mean. 
C) ​Most scores are close to the mean. 
D) ​Most scores are smaller than the mean. 
A) Most scores are inaccurate. 
B) ​Most scores are larger than the mean. 
C) ​Most scores are close to the mean. 
D) ​Most scores are smaller than the mean.

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

In both the U.S.legal system and in scientific disputes,the "burden of proof" falls on whom?​

After all people in an experiment watch a movie,those in the experimental group get hypnotized before trying to remember details from the movie.What will the control group in this experiment do?​

An investigator analyzes the results determines that p < 0.05.Why is p important?​

If someone publishes surprising but incorrect results,in the long run people will not take the study seriously.Why not?​

In science and in a criminal trial,who has the "burden of proof"-that is,the obligation to demonstrate that its claims are correct?​

Why is it sometimes important for an experiment to use a blind observer?​

In what kind of sample does everyone in the population have an equal chance of being chosen?​

Who,if anyone,supervises the treatment of laboratory animals?​

If most scores are far from the mean,what will be true of the standard deviation?​

Which of the following claims would NOT be falsifiable?​

To which of the following does an experimenter apply "random assignment"?​

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables-that is,the weakest ability to use one variable to predict the other?​

Research with humans requires informed consent.Who signs that informed consent?​

What is a "blind observer" in an experiment?​

Which of the following is true of normal distributions?​

If increases in one variable have no consistent relationship to changes in a second variable,what is the correlation between them?​

A researcher asks a group of unhappy people to follow the advice in their newspaper horoscopes,and finds that over six months most of them become happier.What is the main problem with this research?​

Healthy people tend to be happier than unhealthy people.From this kind of information,which of the following (if any)can we conclude?​

Suppose someone finds that people who drank coffee got less sleep than those who didn't.To know whether this statement came from an experiment or a correlation,which question should we ask?​

If the standard deviation is small,then which of these is correct?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

In both the U.S.legal system and in scientific disputes,the "burden of proof" falls on whom?

After all people in an experiment watch a movie,those in the experimental group get hypnotized before trying to remember details from the movie.What will the control group in this experiment do?

An investigator analyzes the results determines that p < 0.05.Why is p important?

If someone publishes surprising but incorrect results,in the long run people will not take the study seriously.Why not?

In science and in a criminal trial,who has the "burden of proof"-that is,the obligation to demonstrate that its claims are correct?

Why is it sometimes important for an experiment to use a blind observer?

In what kind of sample does everyone in the population have an equal chance of being chosen?

Who,if anyone,supervises the treatment of laboratory animals?

If most scores are far from the mean,what will be true of the standard deviation?

Which of the following claims would NOT be falsifiable?

To which of the following does an experimenter apply "random assignment"?

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship between two variables-that is,the weakest ability to use one variable to predict the other?

Research with humans requires informed consent.Who signs that informed consent?

What is a "blind observer" in an experiment?

Which of the following is true of normal distributions?

If increases in one variable have no consistent relationship to changes in a second variable,what is the correlation between them?

A researcher asks a group of unhappy people to follow the advice in their newspaper horoscopes,and finds that over six months most of them become happier.What is the main problem with this research?

Healthy people tend to be happier than unhealthy people.From this kind of information,which of the following (if any)can we conclude?

Suppose someone finds that people who drank coffee got less sleep than those who didn't.To know whether this statement came from an experiment or a correlation,which question should we ask?

If the standard deviation is small,then which of these is correct?