Question 1

If the correlation between variables A and B is zero,what can we conclude?​

Accepted Answer

A) A and B have the same mean, the same median, and the same distribution. 
B) ​As A goes up, B does not consistently go either up or down. 
C) ​The mean value of either A or B must be zero. 
D) ​If we know the value of A, we can predict the value of B with zero error. 
A) A and B have the same mean, the same median, and the same distribution. 
B) ​As A goes up, B does not consistently go either up or down. 
C) ​The mean value of either A or B must be zero. 
D) ​If we know the value of A, we can predict the value of B with zero error.

Question 2

A professor presents a test in black ink for half the students and in red ink for the other half,and compares the students' test scores.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) The number of students in each group 
B) ​The color of ink on the test 
C) ​The students' test scores 
D) ​The difficulty of the test 
A) The number of students in each group 
B) ​The color of ink on the test 
C) ​The students' test scores 
D) ​The difficulty of the test

Question 3

Someone claims that ESP shows up only when the vibrations are right and that there is no way to know whether the vibrations are right except to see whether ESP shows up.Why is this proposal not scientifically acceptable?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is not falsifiable. 
B) ​It has too many independent variables. 
C) ​It has too many dependent variables. 
D) ​It has no demand characteristics. 
A) It is not falsifiable. 
B) ​It has too many independent variables. 
C) ​It has too many dependent variables. 
D) ​It has no demand characteristics.

Question 4

The legal system requires the prosecution to demonstrate the defendant's guilt.Similarly,a scientist who makes a claim is expected to provide evidence.What is this obligation called?​

Accepted Answer

A) Correlation 
B) ​Burden of proof 
C) ​Parsimony 
D) ​Demand characteristic 
A) Correlation 
B) ​Burden of proof 
C) ​Parsimony 
D) ​Demand characteristic

Question 5

What is one way in which psychological research differs from chemistry and other sciences?​

Accepted Answer

A) Unlike psychologists, chemists use the experimental method. 
B) ​Unlike psychologists, chemists analyze their results with statistics. 
C) ​Psychological research faces more serious ethical restraints. 
D) ​Psychological experimentation dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks. 
A) Unlike psychologists, chemists use the experimental method. 
B) ​Unlike psychologists, chemists analyze their results with statistics. 
C) ​Psychological research faces more serious ethical restraints. 
D) ​Psychological experimentation dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks.

Question 6

Which of the following has become a serious worry for psychological researchers?​

Accepted Answer

A) They worry that too many studies deal with children instead of adults. 
B) ​They worry that some published results may not be replicable. 
C) ​They worry that not enough research studies are reporting statistical significance levels. 
D) ​They worry that too many research boards are requiring informed consent. 
A) They worry that too many studies deal with children instead of adults. 
B) ​They worry that some published results may not be replicable. 
C) ​They worry that not enough research studies are reporting statistical significance levels. 
D) ​They worry that too many research boards are requiring informed consent.

Question 7

Who decides which research studies on humans are ethically permissible?​

Accepted Answer

A) The dean of the college 
B) ​The mayor of the city 
C) ​The Institutional Review Board 
D) ​Friends or relatives of the people volunteering for a study 
A) The dean of the college 
B) ​The mayor of the city 
C) ​The Institutional Review Board 
D) ​Friends or relatives of the people volunteering for a study

Question 8

If several researchers follow the same procedure as the first researcher but get different results,what do we say about those results?​

Accepted Answer

A) They are not fictitious. 
B) ​They are not replicable. 
C) ​They are not parsimonious. 
D) ​They are not statistically significant. 
A) They are not fictitious. 
B) ​They are not replicable. 
C) ​They are not parsimonious. 
D) ​They are not statistically significant.

Question 9

Suppose we find that the amount of sleep someone gets correlates positively with creative thinking.What conclusion,if any,would follow from this result?​

Accepted Answer

A) Getting enough sleep increases creative thinking. 
B) ​Creative thinking increases the need for sleep. 
C) ​People with more leisure time can afford to sleep, and have a chance to think creatively. 
D) ​None of these conclusions follows from the result. 
A) Getting enough sleep increases creative thinking. 
B) ​Creative thinking increases the need for sleep. 
C) ​People with more leisure time can afford to sleep, and have a chance to think creatively. 
D) ​None of these conclusions follows from the result.

Question 10

Any scientific study goes through four steps.Which of these is the correct order of events?​

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothesis-interpretation-methods-results 
B) ​Hypothesis-methods-interpretation-results 
C) ​Hypothesis-methods-results-interpretation 
D) ​Interpretation-hypothesis-methods-results 
A) Hypothesis-interpretation-methods-results 
B) ​Hypothesis-methods-interpretation-results 
C) ​Hypothesis-methods-results-interpretation 
D) ​Interpretation-hypothesis-methods-results

Question 11

A research finding is especially hard to replicate under which of these conditions?​

Accepted Answer

A) If the finding is statistically significant​ 
B) ​If attempts to replicate use exactly the same procedure as the original study 
C) ​If attempts to replicate use few participants or imprecise measurements 
D) ​If attempts to replicate use more precise measurements than the original study 
A) If the finding is statistically significant​ 
B) ​If attempts to replicate use exactly the same procedure as the original study 
C) ​If attempts to replicate use few participants or imprecise measurements 
D) ​If attempts to replicate use more precise measurements than the original study

Question 12

Why are many psychologists concerned about the replicability of their research?​

Accepted Answer

A) The U.S. government passed a law requiring every research study to be replicated. 
B) ​Apparently significant results can occur by accident. 
C) ​Researchers have been shifting from p levels to 95 percent confidence levels. 
D) ​Psychological researchers are unable to measure anything accurately. 
A) The U.S. government passed a law requiring every research study to be replicated. 
B) ​Apparently significant results can occur by accident. 
C) ​Researchers have been shifting from p levels to 95 percent confidence levels. 
D) ​Psychological researchers are unable to measure anything accurately.

Question 13

Why do researchers use operational definitions of their terms?​

Accepted Answer

A) An operational definition enables researchers to measure something. 
B) ​An operational definition provides a scientific explanation of something. 
C) ​An operational definition explains the term to the average person. 
D) ​An operational definition explains the practical importance of something. 
A) An operational definition enables researchers to measure something. 
B) ​An operational definition provides a scientific explanation of something. 
C) ​An operational definition explains the term to the average person. 
D) ​An operational definition explains the practical importance of something.

Question 14

Which research method generally uses the fewest participants?​

Accepted Answer

A) Single-blind experiment 
B) ​Case history 
C) ​Survey 
D) ​Correlation 
A) Single-blind experiment 
B) ​Case history 
C) ​Survey 
D) ​Correlation

Question 15

Suppose someone reports an unexpected difference between two groups,with p < 0.05 and nonoverlapping 95 percent confidence intervals.Before we decide how seriously to take this report,what question should we ask?​

Accepted Answer

A) Is the finding replicable? 
B) ​Is the finding statistically significant? 
C) ​Do the means for the two groups differ? 
D) ​Did the two groups have equal numbers of participants? 
A) Is the finding replicable? 
B) ​Is the finding statistically significant? 
C) ​Do the means for the two groups differ? 
D) ​Did the two groups have equal numbers of participants?

Question 16

A track coach asks half of the athletes,chosen randomly,to try wearing a new type of shoe.Later the coach compares results for those wearing the new and old shoe types.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) The type of shoe 
B) ​The athletes' performances 
C) ​Variations in the weather 
D) ​The track coach 
A) The type of shoe 
B) ​The athletes' performances 
C) ​Variations in the weather 
D) ​The track coach

Question 17

A researcher who wants to determine cause and effect uses which of these methods?​

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic observation 
B) ​Survey 
C) ​Experiment 
D) ​Correlation 
A) Naturalistic observation 
B) ​Survey 
C) ​Experiment 
D) ​Correlation

Question 18

In one word,why did most scientists doubt that Clever Hans could do complex mathematics,even before they understood he was actually doing?​

Accepted Answer

A) Correlation 
B) ​Maturation 
C) ​Parsimony 
D) ​Statistics 
A) Correlation 
B) ​Maturation 
C) ​Parsimony 
D) ​Statistics

Question 19

"Clever Hans" could answer math questions only under which conditions?​

Accepted Answer

A) Only if he had heard the same question before 
B) ​Only if his trainer was present 
C) ​Only if he could see the questioner's face 
D) ​Only if he could hear the questioner's voice 
A) Only if he had heard the same question before 
B) ​Only if his trainer was present 
C) ​Only if he could see the questioner's face 
D) ​Only if he could hear the questioner's voice

Question 20

People's frequency of exercising at a gym correlates positively with how many magazines they read.Which of these conclusions,if any,follows from these data?​

Accepted Answer

A) While people are exercising at a gym, they like to read magazines. 
B) ​Many people read magazines that recommend the value of exercise. 
C) ​People who can afford to belong to a gym can also afford to buy magazines. 
D) ​None of these conclusions follow from the data. 
A) While people are exercising at a gym, they like to read magazines. 
B) ​Many people read magazines that recommend the value of exercise. 
C) ​People who can afford to belong to a gym can also afford to buy magazines. 
D) ​None of these conclusions follow from the data.

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

If the correlation between variables A and B is zero,what can we conclude?​

A professor presents a test in black ink for half the students and in red ink for the other half,and compares the students' test scores.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Someone claims that ESP shows up only when the vibrations are right and that there is no way to know whether the vibrations are right except to see whether ESP shows up.Why is this proposal not scientifically acceptable?​

The legal system requires the prosecution to demonstrate the defendant's guilt.Similarly,a scientist who makes a claim is expected to provide evidence.What is this obligation called?​

What is one way in which psychological research differs from chemistry and other sciences?​

Which of the following has become a serious worry for psychological researchers?​

Who decides which research studies on humans are ethically permissible?​

If several researchers follow the same procedure as the first researcher but get different results,what do we say about those results?​

Suppose we find that the amount of sleep someone gets correlates positively with creative thinking.What conclusion,if any,would follow from this result?​

Any scientific study goes through four steps.Which of these is the correct order of events?​

A research finding is especially hard to replicate under which of these conditions?​

Why are many psychologists concerned about the replicability of their research?​

Why do researchers use operational definitions of their terms?​

Which research method generally uses the fewest participants?​

Suppose someone reports an unexpected difference between two groups,with p < 0.05 and nonoverlapping 95 percent confidence intervals.Before we decide how seriously to take this report,what question should we ask?​

A track coach asks half of the athletes,chosen randomly,to try wearing a new type of shoe.Later the coach compares results for those wearing the new and old shoe types.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?​

A researcher who wants to determine cause and effect uses which of these methods?​

In one word,why did most scientists doubt that Clever Hans could do complex mathematics,even before they understood he was actually doing?​

"Clever Hans" could answer math questions only under which conditions?​

People's frequency of exercising at a gym correlates positively with how many magazines they read.Which of these conclusions,if any,follows from these data?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

If the correlation between variables A and B is zero,what can we conclude?

A professor presents a test in black ink for half the students and in red ink for the other half,and compares the students' test scores.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Someone claims that ESP shows up only when the vibrations are right and that there is no way to know whether the vibrations are right except to see whether ESP shows up.Why is this proposal not scientifically acceptable?

The legal system requires the prosecution to demonstrate the defendant's guilt.Similarly,a scientist who makes a claim is expected to provide evidence.What is this obligation called?

What is one way in which psychological research differs from chemistry and other sciences?

Which of the following has become a serious worry for psychological researchers?

Who decides which research studies on humans are ethically permissible?

If several researchers follow the same procedure as the first researcher but get different results,what do we say about those results?

Suppose we find that the amount of sleep someone gets correlates positively with creative thinking.What conclusion,if any,would follow from this result?

Any scientific study goes through four steps.Which of these is the correct order of events?

A research finding is especially hard to replicate under which of these conditions?

Why are many psychologists concerned about the replicability of their research?

Why do researchers use operational definitions of their terms?

Which research method generally uses the fewest participants?

Suppose someone reports an unexpected difference between two groups,with p < 0.05 and nonoverlapping 95 percent confidence intervals.Before we decide how seriously to take this report,what question should we ask?

A track coach asks half of the athletes,chosen randomly,to try wearing a new type of shoe.Later the coach compares results for those wearing the new and old shoe types.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

A researcher who wants to determine cause and effect uses which of these methods?

In one word,why did most scientists doubt that Clever Hans could do complex mathematics,even before they understood he was actually doing?

"Clever Hans" could answer math questions only under which conditions?

People's frequency of exercising at a gym correlates positively with how many magazines they read.Which of these conclusions,if any,follows from these data?