Question 1

If people in the experimental group get some drug that might improve memory,what do people in the control group do?​

Accepted Answer

A) They get some ineffective chemical instead of the drug. 
B) ​They get to decide whether or not to take the drug. 
C) ​They observe the people in the experimental group. 
D) ​They wait until they find out how effective the drug was. 
A) They get some ineffective chemical instead of the drug. 
B) ​They get to decide whether or not to take the drug. 
C) ​They observe the people in the experimental group. 
D) ​They wait until they find out how effective the drug was.

Question 2

It seems that it always rains when you wanted to go camping.However,you never kept any systematic records.The apparent relationship is probably an example of what?​

Accepted Answer

A) A significant negative correlation 
B) ​An illusory correlation 
C) ​A significant positive correlation 
D) ​A double-blind study 
A) A significant negative correlation 
B) ​An illusory correlation 
C) ​A significant positive correlation 
D) ​A double-blind study

Question 3

"The Amazing Kreskin" demonstrates his powers by finding his paycheck hidden somewhere in the audience.What is the most parsimonious explanation?​

Accepted Answer

A) He reads facial cues, much like Clever Hans. 
B) ​He finds the check by coincidence alone. 
C) ​He uses supernatural psychic powers. 
D) ​He perceives brain waves radiating from the audience. 
A) He reads facial cues, much like Clever Hans. 
B) ​He finds the check by coincidence alone. 
C) ​He uses supernatural psychic powers. 
D) ​He perceives brain waves radiating from the audience.

Question 4

Which of these is an alternative to stating the p value of a research result?​

Accepted Answer

A) State the mean and median for each group.​ 
B) ​State the number of participants in each group. 
C) ​State the correlation between two variables. 
D) ​State the 95 percent confidence intervals for each group. 
A) State the mean and median for each group.​ 
B) ​State the number of participants in each group. 
C) ​State the correlation between two variables. 
D) ​State the 95 percent confidence intervals for each group.

Question 5

A researcher tests whether people with a long index finger behave differently from people with a long ring finger.What kind of research is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Case history 
B) ​Correlation 
C) ​Single-blind experiment 
D) ​Double-blind experiment 
A) Case history 
B) ​Correlation 
C) ​Single-blind experiment 
D) ​Double-blind experiment

Question 6

According to the principle of parsimony,what kind of theory should we prefer?​

Accepted Answer

A) The theory for which we cannot even imagine any contradictory evidence 
B) ​The theory that was proposed first 
C) ​The theory that is most popular with the general public 
D) ​The theory that makes fewer and simpler assumptions 
A) The theory for which we cannot even imagine any contradictory evidence 
B) ​The theory that was proposed first 
C) ​The theory that is most popular with the general public 
D) ​The theory that makes fewer and simpler assumptions

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?​

Accepted Answer

A) The mean 
B) ​The median 
C) ​The mode 
D) ​The p value 
A) The mean 
B) ​The median 
C) ​The mode 
D) ​The p value

Question 8

A psychologist provides therapy to 20 extremely fearful people,and finds that over the next six months,most become less fearful.The psychologist concludes that the therapy helped.What is a major defect in this study?​

Accepted Answer

A) It lacks a control group. 
B) ​It has too many independent variables. 
C) ​It doesn't have enough demand characteristics. 
D) ​It doesn't have a dependent variable. 
A) It lacks a control group. 
B) ​It has too many independent variables. 
C) ​It doesn't have enough demand characteristics. 
D) ​It doesn't have a dependent variable.

Question 9

In what way does the experimental method have an advantage over correlational studies?​

Accepted Answer

A) An experiment can be completed more quickly, and with less equipment. 
B) ​An experiment does not require the use of statistical tests. 
C) ​An experiment poses fewer ethical problems. 
D) ​An experiment is more likely to determine cause-and-effect relationships. 
A) An experiment can be completed more quickly, and with less equipment. 
B) ​An experiment does not require the use of statistical tests. 
C) ​An experiment poses fewer ethical problems. 
D) ​An experiment is more likely to determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 10

A track coach asks half of the athletes,chosen randomly,to try wearing a new type of shoe.Later the coach compares results for those wearing the new and old shoe types.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) The type of shoe 
B) ​The athletes' performances 
C) ​Variations in the weather 
D) ​The track coach 
A) The type of shoe 
B) ​The athletes' performances 
C) ​Variations in the weather 
D) ​The track coach

Question 11

Which of the following could be an operational definition of "love" of someone?​

Accepted Answer

A) An extremely high regard for this person and desire for the person to be happy 
B) ​A feeling of happiness when spending time with this person 
C) ​How far you would be willing to walk through snow to get to this person 
D) ​The opposite of a strong dislike 
A) An extremely high regard for this person and desire for the person to be happy 
B) ​A feeling of happiness when spending time with this person 
C) ​How far you would be willing to walk through snow to get to this person 
D) ​The opposite of a strong dislike

Question 12

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is 0,then which of the following is true?​

Accepted Answer

A) Increases in A have no relationship to the values of B. 
B) ​The mean value of A equals the mean value of B. 
C) ​When values of A increase, the values of B decrease. 
D) ​The relationship between A and B has been steady over time. 
A) Increases in A have no relationship to the values of B. 
B) ​The mean value of A equals the mean value of B. 
C) ​When values of A increase, the values of B decrease. 
D) ​The relationship between A and B has been steady over time.

Question 13

A researcher studies a large group of people,obtaining the same percentages of male and female,young and old,as in the total population.What kind of sample is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) A convenience sample 
B) ​A cross-cultural sample 
C) ​A representative sample 
D) ​A random sample 
A) A convenience sample 
B) ​A cross-cultural sample 
C) ​A representative sample 
D) ​A random sample

Question 14

Jane Goodall spent years observing chimpanzees in the wild.What was her technique?​

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic observation 
B) ​A single-blind experiment 
C) ​A double-blind experiment 
D) ​A correlational study 
A) Naturalistic observation 
B) ​A single-blind experiment 
C) ​A double-blind experiment 
D) ​A correlational study

Question 15

How does a correlational study differ from an experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) In a correlational study, the researcher allows participants to record their own behavior. 
B) ​In a correlational study, the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables. 
C) ​In a correlational study, the researcher does not control any of the variables. 
D) ​In a correlational study, the researcher starts by randomly assigning individuals to groups. 
A) In a correlational study, the researcher allows participants to record their own behavior. 
B) ​In a correlational study, the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables. 
C) ​In a correlational study, the researcher does not control any of the variables. 
D) ​In a correlational study, the researcher starts by randomly assigning individuals to groups.

Question 16

Which of the following is an operational definition of "honesty"?​

Accepted Answer

A) A tendency to tell the truth 
B) ​A feeling of guilt after telling a lie 
C) ​The amount of money returned after finding a lost wallet 
D) ​A feeling of contempt after seeing someone else tell a lie 
A) A tendency to tell the truth 
B) ​A feeling of guilt after telling a lie 
C) ​The amount of money returned after finding a lost wallet 
D) ​A feeling of contempt after seeing someone else tell a lie

Question 17

A company pays one group of workers weekly and another group,randomly chosen,once a month.It compares the workers' effectiveness.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) The frequency of pay 
B) ​The difficulty of the job 
C) ​Daily variations in the weather 
D) ​The workers' job effectiveness 
A) The frequency of pay 
B) ​The difficulty of the job 
C) ​Daily variations in the weather 
D) ​The workers' job effectiveness

Question 18

Before conducting research on humans,what must a researcher obtain?​

Accepted Answer

A) A license from the American Psychological Association 
B) ​Licenses from the national and local governments 
C) ​Informed consent from each participant 
D) ​A web page on which to post the results 
A) A license from the American Psychological Association 
B) ​Licenses from the national and local governments 
C) ​Informed consent from each participant 
D) ​A web page on which to post the results

Question 19

Suppose we find that how many other people someone sees in a day correlates positively with how often the person gets a haircut.Which of the following conclusions can we draw,if any?​

Accepted Answer

A) While getting a haircut, someone is likely to see many other people. 
B) ​Someone who is trying to make a good impression on other people tries to look good. 
C) ​Living in a big city increases how many people you see and how much you care about grooming. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions. 
A) While getting a haircut, someone is likely to see many other people. 
B) ​Someone who is trying to make a good impression on other people tries to look good. 
C) ​Living in a big city increases how many people you see and how much you care about grooming. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions.

Question 20

Random assignment occurs in which type of research study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Correlation 
B) ​Experiment 
C) ​Survey 
D) ​Naturalistic observation 
A) Correlation 
B) ​Experiment 
C) ​Survey 
D) ​Naturalistic observation

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

If people in the experimental group get some drug that might improve memory,what do people in the control group do?​

It seems that it always rains when you wanted to go camping.However,you never kept any systematic records.The apparent relationship is probably an example of what?​

"The Amazing Kreskin" demonstrates his powers by finding his paycheck hidden somewhere in the audience.What is the most parsimonious explanation?​

Which of these is an alternative to stating the p value of a research result?​

A researcher tests whether people with a long index finger behave differently from people with a long ring finger.What kind of research is this?​

According to the principle of parsimony,what kind of theory should we prefer?​

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?​

A psychologist provides therapy to 20 extremely fearful people,and finds that over the next six months,most become less fearful.The psychologist concludes that the therapy helped.What is a major defect in this study?​

In what way does the experimental method have an advantage over correlational studies?​

A track coach asks half of the athletes,chosen randomly,to try wearing a new type of shoe.Later the coach compares results for those wearing the new and old shoe types.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Which of the following could be an operational definition of "love" of someone?​

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is 0,then which of the following is true?​

A researcher studies a large group of people,obtaining the same percentages of male and female,young and old,as in the total population.What kind of sample is this?​

Jane Goodall spent years observing chimpanzees in the wild.What was her technique?​

How does a correlational study differ from an experiment?​

Which of the following is an operational definition of "honesty"?​

A company pays one group of workers weekly and another group,randomly chosen,once a month.It compares the workers' effectiveness.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?​

Before conducting research on humans,what must a researcher obtain?​

Suppose we find that how many other people someone sees in a day correlates positively with how often the person gets a haircut.Which of the following conclusions can we draw,if any?​

Random assignment occurs in which type of research study?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

If people in the experimental group get some drug that might improve memory,what do people in the control group do?

It seems that it always rains when you wanted to go camping.However,you never kept any systematic records.The apparent relationship is probably an example of what?

"The Amazing Kreskin" demonstrates his powers by finding his paycheck hidden somewhere in the audience.What is the most parsimonious explanation?

Which of these is an alternative to stating the p value of a research result?

A researcher tests whether people with a long index finger behave differently from people with a long ring finger.What kind of research is this?

According to the principle of parsimony,what kind of theory should we prefer?

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?

A psychologist provides therapy to 20 extremely fearful people,and finds that over the next six months,most become less fearful.The psychologist concludes that the therapy helped.What is a major defect in this study?

In what way does the experimental method have an advantage over correlational studies?

A track coach asks half of the athletes,chosen randomly,to try wearing a new type of shoe.Later the coach compares results for those wearing the new and old shoe types.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Which of the following could be an operational definition of "love" of someone?

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is 0,then which of the following is true?

A researcher studies a large group of people,obtaining the same percentages of male and female,young and old,as in the total population.What kind of sample is this?

Jane Goodall spent years observing chimpanzees in the wild.What was her technique?

How does a correlational study differ from an experiment?

Which of the following is an operational definition of "honesty"?

A company pays one group of workers weekly and another group,randomly chosen,once a month.It compares the workers' effectiveness.What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Before conducting research on humans,what must a researcher obtain?

Suppose we find that how many other people someone sees in a day correlates positively with how often the person gets a haircut.Which of the following conclusions can we draw,if any?

Random assignment occurs in which type of research study?