Question 1

When someone conducts a research study,which of these comes first?​

Accepted Answer

A) Interpretation 
B) ​Methods 
C) ​Hypothesis 
D) ​Results 
A) Interpretation 
B) ​Methods 
C) ​Hypothesis 
D) ​Results

Question 2

On the Mechanical Turk website,researchers post studies and anyone who wants to can participate for a small fee.What kind of research sample does this provide?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is a convenience sample. 
B) ​It is a random sample. 
C) ​It is a representative sample. 
D) ​It is a statistical sample. 
A) It is a convenience sample. 
B) ​It is a random sample. 
C) ​It is a representative sample. 
D) ​It is a statistical sample.

Question 3

If a result is replicable,which of these must be true? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Other investigators can repeat the results. 
B) ​The interpretation is more parsimonious than other possible explanations. 
C) ​The results have been published in a reputable journal. 
D) ​The results are statistically significant. 
A) Other investigators can repeat the results. 
B) ​The interpretation is more parsimonious than other possible explanations. 
C) ​The results have been published in a reputable journal. 
D) ​The results are statistically significant.

Question 4

Suppose many researchers have conducted similar studies,but most used only a small number of participants.To estimate the true size of the results,which procedure would be best?​

Accepted Answer

A) A correlation coefficient 
B) ​A meta-analysis 
C) ​A survey 
D) ​A statement of parsimony 
A) A correlation coefficient 
B) ​A meta-analysis 
C) ​A survey 
D) ​A statement of parsimony

Question 5

What do we call the principle that we should prefer the theory that makes the fewest and simplest assumptions?​

Accepted Answer

A) Informed consent 
B) ​Parsimony 
C) ​Falsifiability 
D) ​Correlation 
A) Informed consent 
B) ​Parsimony 
C) ​Falsifiability 
D) ​Correlation

Question 6

Older people who eat more chocolate tend to have a better memory.What conclusion,if any,can we draw from these data?​

Accepted Answer

A) Chocolate improves memory. 
B) ​Older people with good memory can remember where they put the chocolate. 
C) ​Healthier people eat chocolate and have a good memory. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions. 
A) Chocolate improves memory. 
B) ​Older people with good memory can remember where they put the chocolate. 
C) ​Healthier people eat chocolate and have a good memory. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions.

Question 7

People who spend more money on binoculars tend to know more about birds than people who spend less or none.This observation was almost certainly based on what kind of study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Anecdote 
B) ​Correlation 
C) ​Single-blind study 
D) ​Double-blind study 
A) Anecdote 
B) ​Correlation 
C) ​Single-blind study 
D) ​Double-blind study

Question 8

A professor invites students who did poorly on the first test to attend a special review session before the second test.Most do better on the second test.What conclusion,if any,can we draw,and why?​

Accepted Answer

A) We conclude that the study session helped, because the scores improved. 
B) ​We conclude that the most motivated students attended the review session, because scores improved. 
C) ​We draw no conclusion, because the study has too many independent variables. 
D) ​We draw no conclusion, because the study lacks a control group. 
A) We conclude that the study session helped, because the scores improved. 
B) ​We conclude that the most motivated students attended the review session, because scores improved. 
C) ​We draw no conclusion, because the study has too many independent variables. 
D) ​We draw no conclusion, because the study lacks a control group.

Question 9

In the statistical statement "p < 0.05,: what does the p indicate?​

Accepted Answer

A) The strength of correlation between two variables​ 
B) ​The amount of consistency in the results over a period of time 
C) ​The probability that random events would produce the outcome 
D) ​The amount of difference between two groups 
A) The strength of correlation between two variables​ 
B) ​The amount of consistency in the results over a period of time 
C) ​The probability that random events would produce the outcome 
D) ​The amount of difference between two groups

Question 10

How did Clever Hans solve arithmetic problems?​

Accepted Answer

A) He memorized the answer to each question by long practice. 
B) ​He watched the questioner for facial cues. 
C) ​He listened for the questioner to clear his throat. 
D) ​He guessed correctly only by accident. 
A) He memorized the answer to each question by long practice. 
B) ​He watched the questioner for facial cues. 
C) ​He listened for the questioner to clear his throat. 
D) ​He guessed correctly only by accident.

Question 11

A researcher sits on a park bench and surveys every passing person who is willing to participate.What type of sample will this be?​

Accepted Answer

A) A random sample 
B) ​A representative sample 
C) ​A convenience sample 
D) ​A cross-cultural sample 
A) A random sample 
B) ​A representative sample 
C) ​A convenience sample 
D) ​A cross-cultural sample

Question 12

To determine the effect of distraction,an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read aChapter while listening to loud music.What will the control group do?​

Accepted Answer

A) Read the chapter without the music, and then answer the questions. 
B) ​Decide whether or not to listen to the music while reading the chapter. 
C) ​Read the chapter while listening to the music, but then leave without answering questions. 
D) ​Help the experimenter design the next experiment. 
A) Read the chapter without the music, and then answer the questions. 
B) ​Decide whether or not to listen to the music while reading the chapter. 
C) ​Read the chapter while listening to the music, but then leave without answering questions. 
D) ​Help the experimenter design the next experiment.

Question 13

In a double-blind study,who knows which participants are in the experimental group?​

Accepted Answer

A) Only the participants themselves 
B) ​Only the observer who evaluates the participants 
C) ​Both the participants and the observer who evaluates them. 
D) ​Only the experimenter who organized the study 
A) Only the participants themselves 
B) ​Only the observer who evaluates the participants 
C) ​Both the participants and the observer who evaluates them. 
D) ​Only the experimenter who organized the study

Question 14

A researcher asks people to drink coffee before or after reading an essay,and later compares the memory of the two groups.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) The time of drinking coffee 
B) ​The nature of the essay 
C) ​The memory performances 
D) ​The brand of coffee 
A) The time of drinking coffee 
B) ​The nature of the essay 
C) ​The memory performances 
D) ​The brand of coffee

Question 15

On the first test,the mean is 75,your score is 90,and the standard deviation is 15.On the second test,the mean is 75,your score is 85,and the standard deviation is 5.Compared to other students,how well did you do on the two tests?​

Accepted Answer

A) You did better on the first test. 
B) ​You did better on the second test. 
C) ​You did equally well on both tests. 
D) ​Not enough information is given to answer the question. 
A) You did better on the first test. 
B) ​You did better on the second test. 
C) ​You did equally well on both tests. 
D) ​Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Question 16

Some people believe in the existence of the "abominable snowman." Others doubt its existence.Who has the burden of proof,and why?​

Accepted Answer

A) Those who believe in the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they are defending the more popular point of view. 
B) ​Those who believe in the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they might be able to find evidence, and the doubters could not. 
C) ​Those who doubt the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they are defending the more popular point of view. 
D) ​Those who doubt the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they might be able to find evidence, and the believers could not. 
A) Those who believe in the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they are defending the more popular point of view. 
B) ​Those who believe in the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they might be able to find evidence, and the doubters could not. 
C) ​Those who doubt the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they are defending the more popular point of view. 
D) ​Those who doubt the abominable snowman have the burden of proof because they might be able to find evidence, and the believers could not.

Question 17

Suppose researchers are not certain about whether or not a certain finding is replicable.Which of these procedures would be appropriate for answering the question?​

Accepted Answer

A) A meta-analysis 
B) ​A standard deviation 
C) ​A demand characteristic 
D) ​A case history 
A) A meta-analysis 
B) ​A standard deviation 
C) ​A demand characteristic 
D) ​A case history

Question 18

What does random assignment do?​

Accepted Answer

A) It increases the variance of measurements. 
B) ​It increases the correlation between two variables. 
C) ​It eliminates the effects of the independent variables. 
D) ​It determines who will be in the experimental group. 
A) It increases the variance of measurements. 
B) ​It increases the correlation between two variables. 
C) ​It eliminates the effects of the independent variables. 
D) ​It determines who will be in the experimental group.

Question 19

The Central Math & Science high school "Fighting Hypotenuses" scored 40,45,55,40,and 60 points (a total of 240)in their first five basketball games.What was their mean number of points?​

Accepted Answer

A) 40 
B) ​45 
C) ​48 
D) ​55 
A) 40 
B) ​45 
C) ​48 
D) ​55

Question 20

Which of these does a psychological researcher try to avoid or minimize?​

Accepted Answer

A) Demand characteristics 
B) ​Falsifiable hypotheses 
C) ​Independent variables 
D) ​Dependent variables 
A) Demand characteristics 
B) ​Falsifiable hypotheses 
C) ​Independent variables 
D) ​Dependent variables

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

When someone conducts a research study,which of these comes first?​

On the Mechanical Turk website,researchers post studies and anyone who wants to can participate for a small fee.What kind of research sample does this provide?​

If a result is replicable,which of these must be true? ​

Suppose many researchers have conducted similar studies,but most used only a small number of participants.To estimate the true size of the results,which procedure would be best?​

What do we call the principle that we should prefer the theory that makes the fewest and simplest assumptions?​

Older people who eat more chocolate tend to have a better memory.What conclusion,if any,can we draw from these data?​

People who spend more money on binoculars tend to know more about birds than people who spend less or none.This observation was almost certainly based on what kind of study?​

A professor invites students who did poorly on the first test to attend a special review session before the second test.Most do better on the second test.What conclusion,if any,can we draw,and why?​

In the statistical statement "p < 0.05,: what does the p indicate?​

How did Clever Hans solve arithmetic problems?​

A researcher sits on a park bench and surveys every passing person who is willing to participate.What type of sample will this be?​

To determine the effect of distraction,an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read aChapter while listening to loud music.What will the control group do?​

In a double-blind study,who knows which participants are in the experimental group?​

A researcher asks people to drink coffee before or after reading an essay,and later compares the memory of the two groups.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

On the first test,the mean is 75,your score is 90,and the standard deviation is 15.On the second test,the mean is 75,your score is 85,and the standard deviation is 5.Compared to other students,how well did you do on the two tests?​

Some people believe in the existence of the "abominable snowman." Others doubt its existence.Who has the burden of proof,and why?​

Suppose researchers are not certain about whether or not a certain finding is replicable.Which of these procedures would be appropriate for answering the question?​

What does random assignment do?​

The Central Math & Science high school "Fighting Hypotenuses" scored 40,45,55,40,and 60 points (a total of 240)in their first five basketball games.What was their mean number of points?​

Which of these does a psychological researcher try to avoid or minimize?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

When someone conducts a research study,which of these comes first?

On the Mechanical Turk website,researchers post studies and anyone who wants to can participate for a small fee.What kind of research sample does this provide?

If a result is replicable,which of these must be true?

Suppose many researchers have conducted similar studies,but most used only a small number of participants.To estimate the true size of the results,which procedure would be best?

What do we call the principle that we should prefer the theory that makes the fewest and simplest assumptions?

Older people who eat more chocolate tend to have a better memory.What conclusion,if any,can we draw from these data?

People who spend more money on binoculars tend to know more about birds than people who spend less or none.This observation was almost certainly based on what kind of study?

A professor invites students who did poorly on the first test to attend a special review session before the second test.Most do better on the second test.What conclusion,if any,can we draw,and why?

In the statistical statement "p < 0.05,: what does the p indicate?

How did Clever Hans solve arithmetic problems?

A researcher sits on a park bench and surveys every passing person who is willing to participate.What type of sample will this be?

To determine the effect of distraction,an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read aChapter while listening to loud music.What will the control group do?

In a double-blind study,who knows which participants are in the experimental group?

A researcher asks people to drink coffee before or after reading an essay,and later compares the memory of the two groups.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

On the first test,the mean is 75,your score is 90,and the standard deviation is 15.On the second test,the mean is 75,your score is 85,and the standard deviation is 5.Compared to other students,how well did you do on the two tests?

Some people believe in the existence of the "abominable snowman." Others doubt its existence.Who has the burden of proof,and why?

Suppose researchers are not certain about whether or not a certain finding is replicable.Which of these procedures would be appropriate for answering the question?

What does random assignment do?

The Central Math & Science high school "Fighting Hypotenuses" scored 40,45,55,40,and 60 points (a total of 240)in their first five basketball games.What was their mean number of points?

Which of these does a psychological researcher try to avoid or minimize?