Exam 5: Physical Development in Infancy

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Think about the sleeping patterns of your virtual child. How would you describe the various behavioral states that your child displays? For example, perhaps you have noticed periods of alertness followed by crying or fussy periods. Write a description of your virtual child's rhythms and states for a week. Then try to determine whether there is a pattern to these behaviors and whether the environment has any effect on your child's behavioral states.

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Over the past week, I have observed a pattern in my virtual child's sleeping behaviors. Each day, my child goes through periods of alertness, followed by periods of fussiness, and then eventually falls asleep. During the alert periods, my child seems to be more interactive and engaged with their surroundings, but as time goes on, they become more fussy and irritable. This usually leads to crying and eventually, they fall asleep.

I have noticed that the environment does have an effect on my child's behavioral states. For example, when there is a lot of noise or activity around them, my child seems to become more fussy and has a harder time falling asleep. On the other hand, when the environment is calm and quiet, my child is able to transition from alertness to sleep more easily.

Overall, it seems that my virtual child's sleeping patterns are influenced by their environment and the level of stimulation around them. By creating a calm and soothing environment, I can help my child transition through their behavioral states more smoothly.

Six-week-old Nigel went through periods of alertness, fussing, and crying. These periods are referred to as __________.

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Which is an example of a fine motor skill?

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Provide an overview of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) and note the current recommendations to minimize the risk of SIDS.

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Eleven-month-old Esteban loves to pick up cereal, peas, and beans with just his thumb and index finger. This method of picking up objects is known as the __________ grasp.

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Twelve-year-old Laura loves to hold her 1-month-old cousin, Mary, in an upright position with her feet touching the floor, so that Mary can walk. This is an example of the __________ reflex.

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Infants raised in severely restricted environments show structural brain differences. At least some of these differences, in particular facets of development, may be linked to a specific but limited time period. These time periods are known as __________.

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At birth, the head of the infant accounts for __________ of the newborn's entire body size.

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If a particular part of a young child's brain is injured, other parts of the brain can compensate. This reaction illustrates __________.

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At about 14 weeks, children are able to combine the images coming to each eye to see depth and motion. This visual ability is known as __________.

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On average, newborn infants sleep approximately __________ hours a day.

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At the first birthday, you should expect that an infant's birthweight has __________.

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Define reflexes and provide an evolutionary explanation of reflexes and their gradual disappearance.

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Compare and contrast the cephalocaudal principle and the proximodistal principle. Provide examples of each.

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Although historically infants were thought not to feel pain, today it is widely acknowledged that infants show signs of distress when in pain and express this by __________.

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What is the most common type of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)?

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Although estimates vary, infants are born with between 100 and 200 __________ neurons.

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An infant's crawling is really a gross motor skill that is interconnected with many other skills, including other motor skills and sensory capabilities. This idea that motor development is coordinated and interconnected supports the __________ theory.

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List and define the four major principles governing growth.

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In addition to growth in dendrites, the axons of neurons become coated with __________, a fatty substance that, like the insulation on an electric wire, provides protection and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses.

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