Exam 13: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Some __________ percent of middle-school students report being bullied at some point in their time at school, beginning as early as the preschool years.

The use of inner traits to determine self-concept results from the child's increasing __________.

Children in group care often have been victims of neglect and abuse. Many can be helped and placed with their own or other families, but about __________ percent of them will spend their childhood years in group care.

In general, women who are satisfied with their lives, whether they work or not, tend to be more __________.

How does ethnicity affect friendships?

The term self-care child for children that spend time alone unsupervised is preferred over the former term latchkey child because __________.

Hannah exerts a good sense of humor, she understands other people's emotional experiences, and she can effectively control her nonverbal behaviors. Once Hannah enters middle childhood, she will more than likely be considered __________ by her peers.

List Kenneth Dodge's problem-solving steps.

Describe social comparison and downward social comparison.

According to Erikson, the period characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world is __________.

In Erikson's view, children are seeking endeavors in which they can be successfully ___________. As they get older, children discover that they may be good at some things and not so good at others. Ten-year-old Ginny, for instance, comes to understand that she is good at arithmetic but not very good at spelling; 11-year-old Alberto determines that he is good at softball but doesn't have the stamina to play soccer very well.

Give an example of the relationship between low self-esteem and the cycle of failure in an area other than academics. How might the cycle of failure be broken?

Research on the effects of same-sex parenting has revealed that children __________.

Seven-year-old Kylie feels she is a good person. Kylie probably assumes that she __________.

Your child is now at the age where he/she is attempting to attain competence in the areas of academics and friendships. How does this relate to Erikson's industry-versus-inferiority stage? Have you observed instances in which your child has been worried about making friends or, perhaps, spending a great deal of time on their studies? Describe these attempts at competence and explain how these attempts relate to Erikson's industry-versus-inferiority stage.

Boys typically have larger networks of friends than girls do and the boys tend to play in groups with rigid status differences. These status rankings, also known as ___________, represent the relative social power of those in the group.

Children with mothers and fathers who work full time spend __________.

When brothers and sisters disagree, it is known as __________.

During middle childhood, children begin to compare themselves to their peers. We call this social comparison. Have you observed your child comparing him/herself to others? How so? Do they generally compare themselves to those that are similar to them? When concrete measures of ability are lacking, have you noticed your child turning to social reality to evaluate him-/herself? Explain.

Following a divorce, children typically live with their __________.