Exam 4: Birth and the Newborn Infant

The age of viability for preterm infants is approximately __________, which is nearly 4 months early.

There is a critical period just after birth when new organisms show a particular readiness to learn, or __________, from other members of their species who happen to be present.

The birth process involves __________ stages, the final culminating with the expulsion of the umbilical cord and the placenta.

An effective technique for helping preterm infants develop is called __________.

As a baby, Anu learned that whenever she fussed, her mother would come running to comfort her. Thus, whenever Anu was distressed, she would fuss for her mother. This illustrates __________.

Six-week-old Elia learned that whenever she smiled, her mother would smile back and sometimes would pick her up. Elia started to smile more often so that she could get her mother's attention. This illustrates __________.

Imagine that your 8-month-old infant has started to crawl. Explain how operant conditioning could lead to an increase in crawling.

Doris waited expectantly for the arrival of her first child. However, the baby did not seem to be in any great hurry to make his appearance. Finally, two weeks past her due date, her doctor decided to induce labor. Doris gave birth to a healthy baby boy. Doris's baby would be considered a __________ infant.

What is the Apgar scale, and how is it used? Your answer should include the five dimensions and how health care workers arrive at a score.

Hilda was born flailing her arms and legs about. She would score a __________ on the Apgar scale for activity (muscle tone).

Two weeks before Helga was to deliver her baby, she noticed that her baby had not moved in quite some time. She made an appointment with her obstetrician, who confirmed that the baby had died. The eventual delivery of a child who is not alive is called a __________.

Willard and his wife were concerned that their newborn was taken from the delivery room before they had a chance to establish any type of close physical and emotional contact with their son immediately following his birth. Willard and his wife are concerned about their __________ with their son.

In the United States, the Family and Medical Leave Act requires most employers to provide new parents up to __________ weeks of unpaid leave following childbirth.

Typically, labor takes __________ hours for firstborn children, but there are wide variations.

In the United States, Congress passed legislation mandating minimum insurance coverage of __________ hours for childbirth, thereby making this the standard for hospital stays.

For some new mothers, the time after the birth of their child is marked by a period of depression, a pervasive feeling of sadness and unhappiness also known as __________.

Alana's baby is positioned feet first in the birth canal. What is this birth position called?

Simona is carrying twins, which places unusual stress on her reproductive system. To prepare Simona for childbirth, the obstetrician warned her that she faces a higher risk of __________.

The rapid changes in the levels of estrogen and progesterone may cause __________.

Newborns are often born with fine, dark fuzz covering their bodies. This fuzz is known as __________,