Exam 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy

Thirteen-month-old Clara uses the term baby doll to refer to only her doll and not to other dolls. Clara is making a(n) __________ error.

According to Piaget, __________ is the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen.

The __________ evaluate an infant's development from 2 to 42 months, focusing on two areas, mental and motor abilities.

Primary circular reactions are activities that focus on __________, whereas secondary circular reactions involve actions relating to __________.

Three-week-old Alex will suck on anything that touches his lips whether it is his hand, his father's back, a cloth diaper, or a toy. This indiscriminate sucking is an example of a __________.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development comprises four universal stages that occur in a fixed order from birth through adolescence. These are, in chronological order, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Karen Wynn's research on infants' mathematical skills reveals that __________.

Nicholas was a breastfed baby. However, when he was 3 weeks old, his mother introduced him to a bottle. Nicholas quickly learned to modify his __________ schema to the different sucking patterns required by the bottle.

Which of the following activities is measured on the motor scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

Marcus has just moved to a new town and now must learn a new telephone number. He finds that the first three digits are the ages of his sisters and the remaining four numbers coincide with Columbus's voyage to America. According to the information-processing approach, Marcus is __________ his telephone number in a form that he can later remember.

The overly broad use of words, where children overgeneralize their meaning, is known as __________.

For Ashley's second birthday, her family went on a trip to Disney World, but now, just four years later, Ashley has little or no memory of this family trip. Ashley's inability to remember this major family excursion is due to __________.

Much to the consternation of 15-month-old Sara's mom, Sara constantly calls out "Daddy" to any man she sees. Sara is making a(n) __________ error.

Define and provide examples of referential style language learners and expressive style language learners.

Which measures mental and motor abilities in infants from 2 to 24 months?

Research has found that the degree of cross-modal transference by an infant at age 1 is __________ with intelligence scores several years later.

As a toddler, Michael had an impressive vocabulary consisting of words like mom, dad, dog, car, bike, chair, table, and so on. Michael's style of language use is called the __________ style.

Think about the progression of cognitive development thus far in your virtual child. Piaget noted that for cognitive growth to occur, both assimilation and accommodation must take place. Have you observed these processes in your child? Give one example of each related to your child's cognitive growth.

Compare and contrast Substage 2 (first habits and primary circular reactions) and Substage 3 (secondary circular reactions) of Piaget's sensorimotor period.

The theory of language that includes universal grammar is known as __________.