Exam 4: Relationships Between Categorical Variables

The tables below show the financial aid results by gender for each program. -What percent of males received some sort of financial aid?

Use the following information for questions: A survey asked people how often they exceed speed limits. The data are then categorized into the following contingency table of counts showing the relationship between age group and response. -What is the relative risk of always exceeding the speed limit for people under 30 compared to people over 30?

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the ratings given by 200 students in an introductory statistics course. There were two instructors for the course, each with 100 students. -Among those students who consider themselves good at math, which instructor has the highest percentage of high quality teaching ratings?

Use the following information for questions: In the General Social Survey, respondents were asked, "Do you agree with the following statement? "In spite of what some people say, the lot (situation/condition) of the average man is getting worse, not better." The results, for 989 respondents by gender, are shown below. -To test whether there is a relationship in the population between gender and opinion about the lot of the average man, the chi-square statistic = 10.09 and the p-value = 0.0015. Are the results statistically significant at the 5% level? State your conclusion.

Use the following information for questions: The table below summarizes, by gender of respondent, the responses from 1,033 people to the question, "Do you smoke?" -What are the odds of smoking (to not smoking) for a man?

Simpson's Paradox occurs when

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the opinions of 1447 respondents in the General Social Survey to the question "Do you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder?" The purpose of examining the data is to see if there is a gender difference in how people would respond to this question. -Assuming the null hypothesis is true, calculate the expected number of women in the sample who would favor the death penalty

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the opinions of 321 respondents from the General Social Survey by whether they owned a gun (or not) and whether they favored (or opposed) a law requiring a permit to own a gun. -The percentage of non-gun owners in favor of the gun law was

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the opinions of 321 respondents from the General Social Survey by whether they owned a gun (or not) and whether they favored (or opposed) a law requiring a permit to own a gun. -The percentage of gun owners in favor of the gun law was

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the opinions of 1027 respondents in the General Social Survey to the question "Everything considered, would you say that in general, you approve or disapprove of wiretapping?" The purpose of examining the data is to see if there is a gender difference in how people would respond to this question. -Assuming the null hypothesis is true, calculate the expected number of men in the sample who would approve of wiretapping.

Use the following information for questions: The table shows the opinions of 953 respondents in the General Social Survey to the question "If your party nominated a woman for President, would you vote for her if she were qualified for the job?" -What percent of respondents in the sample were female?

The following two-way cross-tabulation (contingency table) of counts summarizes the relationship between gender and smoking status: Of the males, what percentage smokes?

An article in the Sacramento Bee (May 8, 2000, p A12) reported that "Early results from a study of more than 2000 pregnant women in Alabama show that pregnant mothers with severe gum disease are up to eight times more likely to have underweight premature babies than moms with healthy mouths."The phrase "eight times more likely"indicates what in our statistical language?

If there is no difference in the risk of a disease for smokers and non-smokers, then the relative risk of the disease for smokers compared to non-smokers would be:

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the counts by gender and highest degree attained for 498 respondents in the General Social Survey. -What percent of females had a graduate degree?

Use the following information for questions: In the General Social Survey, respondents were asked, "Do you agree with the following statement? "In spite of what some people say, the lot (situation/condition) of the average man is getting worse, not better." The results, for 989 respondents by gender, are shown below. -Assuming there is no relationship between gender and opinion about the lot of the average man, how many females would we be expected to agree with the statement?

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the responses from a sample of 680 people in the General Social Survey to the question, "Do you sometimes drink more than you think you should?" -What is the relative risk for women thinking they drank more than they should compared to men?

Use the following information for questions: The table below shows the counts by gender and highest degree attained for 498 respondents in the General Social Survey. -What percent of the sample were males with no high school degree?

Use the following information for questions: The table shows the opinions of 1027 respondents in the General Social Survey to the question "Is there any area right around here - that is, within a mile - where you would be afraid to walk alone at night?" The purpose of examining the data is to see if there is a gender difference in how people would respond to this question. -Assuming the null hypothesis is true, calculate the expected number of women in the sample who would be afraid to walk alone in their neighborhood at night.

Use the following information for questions: In a survey of 1000 adults, respondents were asked about the expense of a college education and the relative necessity of financial assistance. The correspondents were classified as to whether they currently had a child in college or not (college status), and whether they thought the loan obligation for most college students was too high, about right, or too little (loan obligation opinion). The table below summarizes some of the survey results. Use these results to answer the following questions. -What percent of all adults surveyed think loan obligations are too high?