Question 1

A statistical test led Dr. Jones to incorrectly decide that his independent variable had no effect when in fact it did. Dr. Jones committed a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error. 
B)  Type II error. 
C)  Type III error. 
D)  alpha error. 
A)  Type I error. 
B)  Type II error. 
C)  Type III error. 
D)  alpha error.

Question 2

Describe the data transformations that can be applied to data. Are data transformations a good idea? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Data transformations refer to the proces

Question 3

Changing the significance level of a statistical test from .05 to .01 makes the test more powerful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The value of any particular score obtained in a between-subjects experiment is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  characteristics of the subject at the time the score was measured. 
B)  measurement or recording errors. 
C)  the value of the independent variable. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  characteristics of the subject at the time the score was measured. 
B)  measurement or recording errors. 
C)  the value of the independent variable. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Inferential statistics assess the probability that the means of two samples would differ by an observed amount or more if they had been drawn from the same population of scores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements would be true of the pooled version of the t test for independent samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  It should not be used when you have unequal sample sizes. 
B)  Sample size has no effect on the value of the t statistic calculated. 
C)  It can be used unless there are large differences in sample sizes and standard errors. 
D)  Calculating the t test when more than four groups are included in an experiment becomes difficult. 
A)  It should not be used when you have unequal sample sizes. 
B)  Sample size has no effect on the value of the t statistic calculated. 
C)  It can be used unless there are large differences in sample sizes and standard errors. 
D)  Calculating the t test when more than four groups are included in an experiment becomes difficult.

Question 7

If any of the expected cell frequencies in a chi-square test is less than 5, the value of chi-square may be artificially inflated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The power of a statistical test is affected by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the alpha level selected. 
B)  the sample size. 
C)  whether a one-tailed or a two-tailed test is used. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the alpha level selected. 
B)  the sample size. 
C)  whether a one-tailed or a two-tailed test is used. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

By convention, an alpha level of _____ has been established as the minimum criterion for statistical significance.

Accepted Answer

A)  .5 
B)  .1 
C)  .05 
D)  .01 
A)  .5 
B)  .1 
C)  .05 
D)  .01

Question 10

Data transformations are used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  adjust data to meet assumptions of statistical tests. 
B)  adjust nonsignificant data to make them significant. 
C)  adjust for the effects of unequal sample sizes. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  adjust data to meet assumptions of statistical tests. 
B)  adjust nonsignificant data to make them significant. 
C)  adjust for the effects of unequal sample sizes. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

In statistical terms, the power of a statistical test is the probability that it will reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false and is one minus the probability of a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis is known as a Type I error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A finding of significance at p < .01 is more statistically significant than one at p < .05.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Identify a true statement about replication as an alternative to inferential statistics.

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires that an experimenter limits himself or herself to the replication of their own findings. 
B)  It necessitates one to conduct exactly the same experiment each time. 
C)  It is limited to situations in which violations of assumptions occur. 
D)  It leads to a similar pattern of results for all experiments if data are reliable. 
A)  It requires that an experimenter limits himself or herself to the replication of their own findings. 
B)  It necessitates one to conduct exactly the same experiment each time. 
C)  It is limited to situations in which violations of assumptions occur. 
D)  It leads to a similar pattern of results for all experiments if data are reliable.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the two-factor between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  In this design, a single independent variable is assigned randomly to different subjects. 
B)  It is less complicated than a one-factor analysis of variance. 
C)  When one interprets a main effect, one suggests that the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable. 
D)  Certain kinds of interactions between two factors cancel out the main effects. 
A)  In this design, a single independent variable is assigned randomly to different subjects. 
B)  It is less complicated than a one-factor analysis of variance. 
C)  When one interprets a main effect, one suggests that the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable. 
D)  Certain kinds of interactions between two factors cancel out the main effects.

Question 16

The use of _____ has been proposed by some researchers as an alternative to inferential statistics to test the reliability of data.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive statistics 
B)  noninferential statistics 
C)  replication 
D)  data management 
A)  descriptive statistics 
B)  noninferential statistics 
C)  replication 
D)  data management

Question 17

Because of _____, you should not conduct many post hoc comparisons, even if you predicted particular differences between means.

Accepted Answer

A)  inflated beta 
B)  probability inflation 
C)  orthogonal inflation 
D)  probability pyramiding 
A)  inflated beta 
B)  probability inflation 
C)  orthogonal inflation 
D)  probability pyramiding

Question 18

In a study of reaction time, Dr. Mills experimentally manipulates two independent variables and obtains a continuous correlational measure. The most appropriate analysis for her data would be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  split-plot analysis of variance. 
B)  analysis of covariance. 
C)  Latin square analysis of variance. 
D)  five-factor between-subjects analysis of variance. 
A)  split-plot analysis of variance. 
B)  analysis of covariance. 
C)  Latin square analysis of variance. 
D)  five-factor between-subjects analysis of variance.

Question 19

A one-tailed test is used:

Accepted Answer

A)  in any situation where finding statistical significance is important. 
B)  when you want to minimize the possibility of making a Type II error. 
C)  if you are interested only in whether the obtained value of the statistic falls in one tail of the sampling distribution for that statistic. 
D)  if you are interested in bidirectional differences between means (for example, the experimental group mean is either higher or lower than the control group mean). 
A)  in any situation where finding statistical significance is important. 
B)  when you want to minimize the possibility of making a Type II error. 
C)  if you are interested only in whether the obtained value of the statistic falls in one tail of the sampling distribution for that statistic. 
D)  if you are interested in bidirectional differences between means (for example, the experimental group mean is either higher or lower than the control group mean).

Question 20

The main difference between parametric and nonparametric statistics is that a parametric statistic:

Accepted Answer

A)  makes no assumptions about the population distribution underlying a sample distribution. 
B)  assumes that the underlying population distribution is skewed and makes allowances for the skewness. 
C)  cannot be used with dependent measures scaled on ratio and interval scales. 
D)  estimates the value of a population parameter from the characteristics of a sample. 
A)  makes no assumptions about the population distribution underlying a sample distribution. 
B)  assumes that the underlying population distribution is skewed and makes allowances for the skewness. 
C)  cannot be used with dependent measures scaled on ratio and interval scales. 
D)  estimates the value of a population parameter from the characteristics of a sample.

A statistical test led Dr. Jones to incorrectly decide that his independent variable had no effect when in fact it did. Dr. Jones committed a(n):

Describe the data transformations that can be applied to data. Are data transformations a good idea? Why or why not?

Changing the significance level of a statistical test from .05 to .01 makes the test more powerful.

The value of any particular score obtained in a between-subjects experiment is determined by:

Inferential statistics assess the probability that the means of two samples would differ by an observed amount or more if they had been drawn from the same population of scores.

Which of the following statements would be true of the pooled version of the t test for independent samples?

If any of the expected cell frequencies in a chi-square test is less than 5, the value of chi-square may be artificially inflated.

The power of a statistical test is affected by:

By convention, an alpha level of _____ has been established as the minimum criterion for statistical significance.

Data transformations are used to:

In statistical terms, the power of a statistical test is the probability that it will reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false and is one minus the probability of a Type II error.

Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis is known as a Type I error.

A finding of significance at p < .01 is more statistically significant than one at p < .05.

Identify a true statement about replication as an alternative to inferential statistics.

Which of the following statements is true of the two-factor between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

The use of _____ has been proposed by some researchers as an alternative to inferential statistics to test the reliability of data.

Because of _____, you should not conduct many post hoc comparisons, even if you predicted particular differences between means.

In a study of reaction time, Dr. Mills experimentally manipulates two independent variables and obtains a continuous correlational measure. The most appropriate analysis for her data would be a(n):

A one-tailed test is used:

The main difference between parametric and nonparametric statistics is that a parametric statistic:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

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Exam 14: Using Inferential Statistics

A statistical test led Dr. Jones to incorrectly decide that his independent variable had no effect when in fact it did. Dr. Jones committed a(n):

Describe the data transformations that can be applied to data. Are data transformations a good idea? Why or why not?

Changing the significance level of a statistical test from .05 to .01 makes the test more powerful.

The value of any particular score obtained in a between-subjects experiment is determined by:

Inferential statistics assess the probability that the means of two samples would differ by an observed amount or more if they had been drawn from the same population of scores.

Which of the following statements would be true of the pooled version of the t test for independent samples?

If any of the expected cell frequencies in a chi-square test is less than 5, the value of chi-square may be artificially inflated.

The power of a statistical test is affected by:

By convention, an alpha level of _____ has been established as the minimum criterion for statistical significance.

Data transformations are used to:

In statistical terms, the power of a statistical test is the probability that it will reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false and is one minus the probability of a Type II error.

Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis is known as a Type I error.

A finding of significance at p < .01 is more statistically significant than one at p < .05.

Identify a true statement about replication as an alternative to inferential statistics.

Which of the following statements is true of the two-factor between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

The use of _____ has been proposed by some researchers as an alternative to inferential statistics to test the reliability of data.

Because of _____, you should not conduct many post hoc comparisons, even if you predicted particular differences between means.

In a study of reaction time, Dr. Mills experimentally manipulates two independent variables and obtains a continuous correlational measure. The most appropriate analysis for her data would be a(n):

A one-tailed test is used:

The main difference between parametric and nonparametric statistics is that a parametric statistic:

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters