Exam 3: D: Human Development

Ben touches his newborn brother's palm,and his little brother takes hold of Ben's finger and will not let go,illustrating the Babinski reflex.

Adolescence is the same as the developmental period known as puberty.

Overly permissive parenting produces children who bully their classmates to get their way in school and who,as adults,become addicted to seeking ways to enhance their self-esteem.

According to Piaget,the concepts of reversibility and conservation develop during the __________ stage.

Some psychologists believe that our first attachments influence our adult relationships with friends and lovers.Describe the characteristics of the three adult attachment styles that might result.

Children who tend to be emotionally cold and lacking in spontaneity and who may either fear or hate their parents were probably raised under the method of child-rearing known as __________.

Research studies suggest that anger is the only emotion that newborn infants clearly express.

Zach likes to "lay down the law" and takes no arguments from his children.According to the research on parenting styles by Diana Baumrind,Zach is exhibiting a(n)__________ parenting style.

Discrimination or prejudice on the basis of age is called __________.

According to Meltzoff's research,infants as young as 20 days can imitate an adult sticking out his or her tongue.

The attachment study of infant monkeys to wire and cloth surrogates suggested that the source of food is the most important factor in attachment.

According to Kohlberg,the conventional level is based on self-interest and avoiding punishment.

Teens who take pride in their ethnic heritage tend to have a weaker sense of personal identity and a poorer self-image.

The device that was invented by Robert Fantz and allowed researchers to observe the movements of an infant's eyes in order to determine what infants can see and what holds their attention was the ___________.

In this culture,parenting tends to be lenient and permissive for the first few years.Then,after age five,these parents begin to expect respect,obedience,self-control,and self-discipline from their children.The parents also tend to act as teachers who encourage hard work,moral behavior,and achievement as well as setting aside one's own desires when the greater good of the family is at stake.This type of parenting is most often shown by the __________-American culture.

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is marked by a higher-pitched voice; short,simple sentences; repetition; slower speech; and exaggerated voice inflections is known as __________.

Authoritative parents enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to these rules.

According to Kübler-Ross,the reaction to impending death in which the person is neither happy nor sad,but is at peace with the inevitable is referred to as the stage of __________.

Paul and Sarah are having trouble with misbehavior from their two children,Jake and Amy.They have gotten notes from Jake's teacher,who says that Jake never turns in any homework even though Sarah tells him to do his homework every night.Amy tends to get out of most punishments by begging her father to get her mother to "lighten up." Jake and Amy both know that their father's "bark is worse than his bite," that is,he often threatens to "ground them forever," but rarely remembers they are grounded the next day.When their father is not around,their mother lashes out at them verbally calling them "bad kids,who will never amount to anything unless they learn to behave." After reading the "Psychology in Action" section on "Effective Parenting," what suggestions would you make to help Paul and Sarah correct this situation?

Describe what is meant by the theory of the mind; compare the recent research on this concept to what Piaget theorized about preoperational children; explain how theory of mind is assessed,how this ability helps a child to progress in their cognitive development,and what condition may occur if the theory of mind fails to develop fully.