Question 1

Which of the following determnes whether a new response learned through modeling will be repeated?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the learner saw the behavior performed more than once 
B)  whether the learner receives normal reinforcement or feedback for the modeled behavior 
C)  whether the model praised the learner for observing the behavior and whether the learner reciprocated the reinforcement 
D)  whether the learner observed the model in a real-life or filmed setting 
A)  whether the learner saw the behavior performed more than once 
B)  whether the learner receives normal reinforcement or feedback for the modeled behavior 
C)  whether the model praised the learner for observing the behavior and whether the learner reciprocated the reinforcement 
D)  whether the learner observed the model in a real-life or filmed setting B

Question 2

Mac is five years old,and his parents were using spanking as their only means of disciplining Mac.After each spanking,Mac grew increasingly angry and usually took it out on the dog or his two-year-old brother.A counselor suggested other punishment alternatives,such as time-out,as well as encouraging the parents to use praise and rewards more often when Mac was behaving appropriately.According to research,since Mac's parents have changed to less punitive parenting,Mac's level of aggression will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  decline. 
B)  remain at the current level since aggressiveness is a part of Mac's innate temperament. 
C)  remain at the current level because Mac is too old to benefit from a change in parenting styles. 
D)  increase because Mac's parents will not be able to suppress his misbehavior and aggression using time-out. 
A)  decline. 
B)  remain at the current level since aggressiveness is a part of Mac's innate temperament. 
C)  remain at the current level because Mac is too old to benefit from a change in parenting styles. 
D)  increase because Mac's parents will not be able to suppress his misbehavior and aggression using time-out. A

Question 3

Jimmy's mother slaps his hand when he reaches for his third before-dinner cookie.Later,Jimmy's behavior will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  increase dramatically. 
B)  disappear completely. 
C)  reappear. 
D)  become displaced. 
A)  increase dramatically. 
B)  disappear completely. 
C)  reappear. 
D)  become displaced. C

Question 4

Regarding the effect of mild punishment,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mild punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B)  Mild punishment stops the rate of responding completely. 
C)  Mild punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding. 
D)  Mild punishment will change the rate of responding even temporarily. 
A)  Mild punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B)  Mild punishment stops the rate of responding completely. 
C)  Mild punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding. 
D)  Mild punishment will change the rate of responding even temporarily.

Question 5

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  system of self-management. 
B)  new type of service contract. 
C)  use of higher order conditioning. 
D)  illustration of the Premack principle. 
A)  system of self-management. 
B)  new type of service contract. 
C)  use of higher order conditioning. 
D)  illustration of the Premack principle.

Question 6

If you want a child to behave,

Accepted Answer

A)  punish disruptive behavior. 
B)  praise appropriate behavior. 
C)  ignore undesirable behavior. 
D)  use all of these in combination. 
A)  punish disruptive behavior. 
B)  praise appropriate behavior. 
C)  ignore undesirable behavior. 
D)  use all of these in combination.

Question 7

Which of the following involves any process in which information is imparted by example and allows the observer to skip the tedious trial-and-error stage of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical learning 
B)  modeling 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  response chaining 
A)  classical learning 
B)  modeling 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  response chaining

Question 8

Regarding the effects of severe,intense punishment,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B)  Severe punishment can permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating. 
C)  Severe punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding. 
D)  Severe punishment will not change the rate of responding even temporarily. 
A)  Severe punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B)  Severe punishment can permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating. 
C)  Severe punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding. 
D)  Severe punishment will not change the rate of responding even temporarily.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both parents should be consistent in what they regard as misbehavior and punish this behavior every time it occurs and in the same way. 
B)  If a parent punishes a child and then finds that the child was innocent, the parent should not say anything to the child in order to put the incident behind them. 
C)  When parents use punishment, they should also reward an alternate, desired response for that situation. 
D)  If you cannot punish an animal or young child immediately, wait for the next instance of misbehavior. 
A)  Both parents should be consistent in what they regard as misbehavior and punish this behavior every time it occurs and in the same way. 
B)  If a parent punishes a child and then finds that the child was innocent, the parent should not say anything to the child in order to put the incident behind them. 
C)  When parents use punishment, they should also reward an alternate, desired response for that situation. 
D)  If you cannot punish an animal or young child immediately, wait for the next instance of misbehavior.

Question 10

Although punishment has several drawbacks,it is most effective when

Accepted Answer

A)  it occurs several days after the behavior. 
B)  the punisher uses reinforcement in addition to punishment. 
C)  the punisher exhibits visible anger while punishing. 
D)  the behavior is intermittently punished. 
A)  it occurs several days after the behavior. 
B)  the punisher uses reinforcement in addition to punishment. 
C)  the punisher exhibits visible anger while punishing. 
D)  the behavior is intermittently punished.

Question 11

Through modeling of their parents,children often learn which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotions and personality traits 
B)  fears and anxieties 
C)  attitudes and bad habits 
D)  all of these 
A)  emotions and personality traits 
B)  fears and anxieties 
C)  attitudes and bad habits 
D)  all of these

Question 12

Most nights Ian comes home from work,turns on the TV,and eats a whole bag of cookies or chips.He then takes a shower and changes clothes.By supper time,he has lost his appetite.Ian realizes he is substituting junk food for supper.For instance,he could shower immediately when he gets home or avoid turning on the TV until after supper.Ian will be utilizing the strategy that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  extinction. 
A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  extinction.

Question 13

Which of the following instances would be the most effective use of mild punishment in a behavioral contract?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person wanting to lose weight sends money to a political candidate he detests if he does not meet a specific loss of weight by a weekly weigh-in. 
B)  A person uses a metal cigarette holder with a tip that is heated by the burning tobacco to make smoking unpleasant. 
C)  A person records the feedback of those around him in order to change his outlook and mood. 
D)  A person has to spend an hour studying before he can watch a half hour of TV. 
A)  A person wanting to lose weight sends money to a political candidate he detests if he does not meet a specific loss of weight by a weekly weigh-in. 
B)  A person uses a metal cigarette holder with a tip that is heated by the burning tobacco to make smoking unpleasant. 
C)  A person records the feedback of those around him in order to change his outlook and mood. 
D)  A person has to spend an hour studying before he can watch a half hour of TV.

Question 14

Kyle,a 12-year-old child,who is frequently punished by his father,often lies to his father about where he has been and often stays at a friend's house rather than going home.Kyle is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  negative transfer. 
D)  avoidance learning. 
A)  latent learning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  negative transfer. 
D)  avoidance learning.

Question 15

It has been found that in humans,latent learning often occurs because of

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect reinforcement. 
B)  immediate gratification. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  the anticipation of future reward. 
A)  indirect reinforcement. 
B)  immediate gratification. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  the anticipation of future reward.

Question 16

Persons learn new responses,carry out or avoid previously learned responses,and learn the general rules that can be applied in various situations by observing a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent. 
B)  model. 
C)  operant. 
D)  mnemonic. 
A)  respondent. 
B)  model. 
C)  operant. 
D)  mnemonic.

Question 17

Regarding escape and avoidance learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance learning involves both classical and operant conditioning. 
B)  Once avoidance is learned it is very persistent. 
C)  Once the individual avoids the event, he or she gets no information to change his or her expectancy. 
D)  Escape learning reflects the operation of response cost. 
A)  Avoidance learning involves both classical and operant conditioning. 
B)  Once avoidance is learned it is very persistent. 
C)  Once the individual avoids the event, he or she gets no information to change his or her expectancy. 
D)  Escape learning reflects the operation of response cost.

Question 18

Which of the following would be the most effective in stopping a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforcing the response 
B)  weak punishment 
C)  moderate punishment 
D)  severe punishment 
A)  negatively reinforcing the response 
B)  weak punishment 
C)  moderate punishment 
D)  severe punishment

Question 19

If you try to avoid,narrow down,or remove stimuli that elicit the bad habit,you are breaking this bad habit using the strategy that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 20

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B)  Punishment does not teach new behaviors. 
C)  Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D)  Punishment becomes less effective when reinforcement is missing. 
A)  Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B)  Punishment does not teach new behaviors. 
C)  Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D)  Punishment becomes less effective when reinforcement is missing.

Exam 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

Which of the following determnes whether a new response learned through modeling will be repeated?

Jimmy's mother slaps his hand when he reaches for his third before-dinner cookie.Later,Jimmy's behavior will probably

Regarding the effect of mild punishment,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

If you want a child to behave,

Which of the following involves any process in which information is imparted by example and allows the observer to skip the tedious trial-and-error stage of learning?

Regarding the effects of severe,intense punishment,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Although punishment has several drawbacks,it is most effective when

Through modeling of their parents,children often learn which of the following?

Which of the following instances would be the most effective use of mild punishment in a behavioral contract?

Kyle,a 12-year-old child,who is frequently punished by his father,often lies to his father about where he has been and often stays at a friend's house rather than going home.Kyle is demonstrating

It has been found that in humans,latent learning often occurs because of

Persons learn new responses,carry out or avoid previously learned responses,and learn the general rules that can be applied in various situations by observing a(n)

Regarding escape and avoidance learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following would be the most effective in stopping a behavior?

If you try to avoid,narrow down,or remove stimuli that elicit the bad habit,you are breaking this bad habit using the strategy that involves

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology