Question 1

The degree to which one is willing to have contact with another person is measured by using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  social distance scale. 
B)  social aversion inventory. 
C)  attitude scale. 
D)  cognitive dissonance scale. 
A)  social distance scale. 
B)  social aversion inventory. 
C)  attitude scale. 
D)  cognitive dissonance scale. A

Question 2

Understanding people's attitudes is valuable to psychologists because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are useful for studying the interaction between the conscious and the unconscious in our psyches. 
B)  help to predict people's future behavior and responses. 
C)  are the most important personality variables. 
D)  represent the clearest expression of our underlying needs and emotions. 
A)  are useful for studying the interaction between the conscious and the unconscious in our psyches. 
B)  help to predict people's future behavior and responses. 
C)  are the most important personality variables. 
D)  represent the clearest expression of our underlying needs and emotions. B

Question 3

The difference in behavior between the sadistic "guards" and the dehumanized "prisoners" in the Zimbardo prison study is best attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  pathological personalities. 
B)  the roles they were asked to play. 
C)  personal histories not revealed in prior screening. 
D)  their respective ages. 
A)  pathological personalities. 
B)  the roles they were asked to play. 
C)  personal histories not revealed in prior screening. 
D)  their respective ages. B

Question 4

Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions are called

Accepted Answer

A)  social roles. 
B)  cultures. 
C)  social stereotypes. 
D)  social status. 
A)  social roles. 
B)  cultures. 
C)  social stereotypes. 
D)  social status.

Question 5

After a nearby factory ruins your favorite river in which to fish,you have become a strong opponent of pollution.Your attitude has been influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  direct contact. 
B)  an interaction with others. 
C)  the mean world view. 
D)  group membership. 
A)  direct contact. 
B)  an interaction with others. 
C)  the mean world view. 
D)  group membership.

Question 6

Sam and Jennifer were just married.Being a husband and a wife would be considered

Accepted Answer

A)  social stereotypes. 
B)  role conflicts. 
C)  achieved roles. 
D)  ascribed roles. 
A)  social stereotypes. 
B)  role conflicts. 
C)  achieved roles. 
D)  ascribed roles.

Question 7

Every day we must guess how people will act,often from small shreds of evidence.We do this through a form of social cognition called

Accepted Answer

A)  proxemics. 
B)  attribution. 
C)  norming. 
D)  social statusing. 
A)  proxemics. 
B)  attribution. 
C)  norming. 
D)  social statusing.

Question 8

Regarding in-groups and out-groups,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cohesiveness is particularly strong for one's in-groups. 
B)  We tend to exaggerate differences between members of out-groups and our own group. 
C)  The existence of in-groups and out-groups sets the stage for conflict between groups and for racial and ethnic prejudice. 
D)  We tend to attribute negative characteristics to our in-group and positive characteristics to the out-group we are envious of. 
A)  Cohesiveness is particularly strong for one's in-groups. 
B)  We tend to exaggerate differences between members of out-groups and our own group. 
C)  The existence of in-groups and out-groups sets the stage for conflict between groups and for racial and ethnic prejudice. 
D)  We tend to attribute negative characteristics to our in-group and positive characteristics to the out-group we are envious of.

Question 9

A police officer who has to arrest his nephew for drug possession or a teacher who must flunk a close friend's daughter will most likely experience

Accepted Answer

A)  role conflict. 
B)  role reversal. 
C)  role exchange. 
D)  role diffusion. 
A)  role conflict. 
B)  role reversal. 
C)  role exchange. 
D)  role diffusion.

Question 10

What is the relationship between privilege and status?

Accepted Answer

A)  The higher the status the more privileges bestowed on a group member. 
B)  The lower the status the more privileges bestowed on a group member. 
C)  There is no relationship between privilege and status. 
D)  The relationship between privilege and status is unclear. 
A)  The higher the status the more privileges bestowed on a group member. 
B)  The lower the status the more privileges bestowed on a group member. 
C)  There is no relationship between privilege and status. 
D)  The relationship between privilege and status is unclear.

Question 11

If you donate money to support environmental causes,this represents which component of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  action component 
B)  belief component 
C)  expression component 
D)  emotional component 
A)  action component 
B)  belief component 
C)  expression component 
D)  emotional component

Question 12

When many people act alike,there is consensus in their behavior,and it implies that their behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  is internally-caused. 
B)  is externally-caused. 
C)  will be erratic. 
D)  is distinctive. 
A)  is internally-caused. 
B)  is externally-caused. 
C)  will be erratic. 
D)  is distinctive.

Question 13

Comparing yourself with a person who ranks higher than you on some dimension is referred to as __________ comparison.

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral 
B)  downward 
C)  upward 
D)  bilateral 
A)  unilateral 
B)  downward 
C)  upward 
D)  bilateral

Question 14

According to social comparison theory,a major motive for joining groups is

Accepted Answer

A)  to reduce the actor-observer bias. 
B)  a desire for self-evaluation. 
C)  to utilize groupthink in solving problems common to all group members.. 
D)  a desire to influence and control others. 
A)  to reduce the actor-observer bias. 
B)  a desire for self-evaluation. 
C)  to utilize groupthink in solving problems common to all group members.. 
D)  a desire to influence and control others.

Question 15

When members of a group show more mutual affection and when their behavior tends to be more closely coordinated,the members are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  group structure. 
B)  group cohesiveness. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  group compliance. 
A)  group structure. 
B)  group cohesiveness. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  group compliance.

Question 16

Which of the following do therapy groups,businesses,and sports teams seek to increase because it helps people to work together better?

Accepted Answer

A)  group structure 
B)  status comparisons 
C)  group cohesiveness 
D)  compliance 
A)  group structure 
B)  status comparisons 
C)  group cohesiveness 
D)  compliance

Question 17

An ongoing pattern of life that characterizes a society at a given point in history is called

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity. 
B)  standard norms. 
C)  group cohesion. 
D)  culture. 
A)  conformity. 
B)  standard norms. 
C)  group cohesion. 
D)  culture.

Question 18

Language,marriage customs and sex roles are a part of an ongoing pattern of life that is passed from one generation to the next and is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity. 
B)  group standardization. 
C)  group cohesion. 
D)  culture. 
A)  conformity. 
B)  group standardization. 
C)  group cohesion. 
D)  culture.

Question 19

Sara and Carmen work at the same company and have been friends for a number of years.Recently,Carmen was promoted,making her Sara's supervisor.This situation may create

Accepted Answer

A)  role conflict. 
B)  role reversal. 
C)  role exchange. 
D)  role diffusion. 
A)  role conflict. 
B)  role reversal. 
C)  role exchange. 
D)  role diffusion.

Question 20

In an experiment cited in your textbook,a man dressed poorly and another man well-dressed,asked people in bakeries for a pastry while claiming they did not have enough money to pay for it.Which of the two men was/were given a pastry when they both asked politely?

Accepted Answer

A)  the well-dressed man 
B)  the poorly-dressed man 
C)  both men, regardless of how they were dressed 
D)  neither man, regardless of how he was dressed 
A)  the well-dressed man 
B)  the poorly-dressed man 
C)  both men, regardless of how they were dressed 
D)  neither man, regardless of how he was dressed

Exam 16: A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

The degree to which one is willing to have contact with another person is measured by using a(n)

Understanding people's attitudes is valuable to psychologists because they

The difference in behavior between the sadistic "guards" and the dehumanized "prisoners" in the Zimbardo prison study is best attributed to

Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions are called

After a nearby factory ruins your favorite river in which to fish,you have become a strong opponent of pollution.Your attitude has been influenced by

Sam and Jennifer were just married.Being a husband and a wife would be considered

Every day we must guess how people will act,often from small shreds of evidence.We do this through a form of social cognition called

Regarding in-groups and out-groups,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A police officer who has to arrest his nephew for drug possession or a teacher who must flunk a close friend's daughter will most likely experience

What is the relationship between privilege and status?

If you donate money to support environmental causes,this represents which component of an attitude?

When many people act alike,there is consensus in their behavior,and it implies that their behavior

Comparing yourself with a person who ranks higher than you on some dimension is referred to as __________ comparison.

According to social comparison theory,a major motive for joining groups is

When members of a group show more mutual affection and when their behavior tends to be more closely coordinated,the members are demonstrating

Which of the following do therapy groups,businesses,and sports teams seek to increase because it helps people to work together better?

An ongoing pattern of life that characterizes a society at a given point in history is called

Language,marriage customs and sex roles are a part of an ongoing pattern of life that is passed from one generation to the next and is referred to as

Sara and Carmen work at the same company and have been friends for a number of years.Recently,Carmen was promoted,making her Sara's supervisor.This situation may create

In an experiment cited in your textbook,a man dressed poorly and another man well-dressed,asked people in bakeries for a pastry while claiming they did not have enough money to pay for it.Which of the two men was/were given a pastry when they both asked politely?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology