Exam 1: C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

The graph shown depicts a __________ correlation.

The four goals of psychology are to describe,predict,understand,and __________ behavior.

As gas prices increase,we see a decline in the number of travelers on the highway.This is an example of a __________ correlation.

The cowboy who praises his horse for its "loyalty and devotion" to its master is committing the __________error.

After seeing a friend of yours being uncharacteristically quiet,you decide that your friend must be depressed.You later find out that your friend is not depressed but sleepy from staying up all night working on a term paper.You made this error because you failed to distinguish between observation and inference.

When newspaper or magazine articles claim the effectiveness of some product or service,it is wise to

Psychic advisers make use of the Barnum effect to create an illusion that they know private information about the people who call them.

When a person remembers or notices only things that backs up his or her expectations and forgets the rest,he or she is experiencing the confirmation bias.

A nonexperimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship (if any)between two or more events or variables is called a __________ study.

In a research study,when the subjects do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group,but the experimenters do know,the study is called a(n)__________ experiment.

Psychology is best defined as the study of personality and emotional well-being.

Explain the similarities and differences in the training and practice of psychiatrists,counseling psychologists,and clinical psychologists; and describe the roles of the licensed counselor and psychiatric social worker in mental health.

In-depth studies of the brain injuries of Phineas Gage and Michael Melnick are examples of

In a positive correlation,decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure.

William James was the founder of the school of thought known as __________.

When a personnel director uses tests and interviews to select the best candidate for the job,this selection process is illustrating the psychological goal of prediction.

If students who completed a study skills course raised their grade point averages,can we conclude that the course caused their improvement?

You wish to find out if people throw away their trash after they eat inside a fast-food restaurant.Explain which nonexperimental research method would yield the BEST results,how it could be conducted to minimize bias,and why the other nonexperimental methods would not be better choices.

A theater reported that their highest beverage sales this year occurred during showings of The Great African Desert.However,we cannot conclude that the film affected beverage consumption because

Abdul is listening to a radio talk show and hears the announcer talk about "a high correlation between crime and poverty." The announcer concludes that since there was a high correlation,poverty must cause crime.Abdul is taking psychology and is skeptical of what he just heard.He knows that