Question 1

The work of breathing normally requires about 3% of total energy expenditure; this increases under all of the following situations except when

Accepted Answer

A) elastic recoil decreases 
B) resistance increases 
C) the partial pressure of oxygen increases in the air 
D) ventilation increases 
E) compliance decreases 
A) elastic recoil decreases 
B) resistance increases 
C) the partial pressure of oxygen increases in the air 
D) ventilation increases 
E) compliance decreases

Question 2

During inspiration,

Accepted Answer

A) intra-alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure. 
B) the diaphragm contracts. 
C) the internal intercostal muscles contract. 
D) conditions a and b exist 
E) conditions a, b, and c exist 
A) intra-alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure. 
B) the diaphragm contracts. 
C) the internal intercostal muscles contract. 
D) conditions a and b exist 
E) conditions a, b, and c exist

Question 3

What is the primary form in which CO₂ is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) physically dissolved 
B) bound to hemoglobin 
C) bound to plasma protein 
D) as bicarbonate 
E) as carbonic anhydrase 
A) physically dissolved 
B) bound to hemoglobin 
C) bound to plasma protein 
D) as bicarbonate 
E) as carbonic anhydrase

Question 4

Which of the following does not occur during expiration when a person is breathing quietly?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the thoracic cavity is reduced. 
B) The intra-alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure. 
C) Air flows out of the lungs. 
D) The expiratory muscles contract. 
E) Intrapleural pressure remains less than intra-alveolar pressure. 
A) The size of the thoracic cavity is reduced. 
B) The intra-alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure. 
C) Air flows out of the lungs. 
D) The expiratory muscles contract. 
E) Intrapleural pressure remains less than intra-alveolar pressure.

Question 5

Describe the location and importance of the following to various patterns of breathing: DRG, VRG, pre-Bötzinger complex, apneustic area, and pneumotaxic area.

Accepted Answer

The DRG, VRG, pre-Bötzinger complex, apn

Question 6

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome is caused by an excess of pulmonary surfactant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to Fick's Law, gas diffuses faster through a thin respiratory membrane than through a thicker respiratory membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

When the diaphragm contracts,

Accepted Answer

A) the volume of the thoracic cavity increases 
B) lung volume increases as the lungs are forced to expand 
C) the intra-alveolar pressure increases 
D) both a and b occur 
E) a, b, and c occur 
A) the volume of the thoracic cavity increases 
B) lung volume increases as the lungs are forced to expand 
C) the intra-alveolar pressure increases 
D) both a and b occur 
E) a, b, and c occur

Question 9

Under normal conditions, intrapleural pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The VRG consists of ____________________ and ____________________ neurons.

Accepted Answer

inspirator

Question 11

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank.
a.vital capacity
b.respiratory rate
c.FEV1
d.tidal volume
e.residual volume
f.total lung capacity
g.functional residual capacity
h.alveolar ventilation
i.pulmonary ventilation
j.inspiratory reserve volume
k.expiratory reserve volume
l.inspiratory capacity
m.anatomic dead space volume
-Amount of air available for exchange of gases with the blood per minute

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate which lung volume or capacity is...

Question 12

Compliance refers specifically to the

Accepted Answer

A) effort required to stretch the lungs 
B) elasticity of the lung tissue 
C) energy requirements for an inspiration 
D) surface area of the alveoli 
E) volume of air moved per breathing cycle 
A) effort required to stretch the lungs 
B) elasticity of the lung tissue 
C) energy requirements for an inspiration 
D) surface area of the alveoli 
E) volume of air moved per breathing cycle

Question 13

Hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A) combines preferentially with O₂ over any other substance 
B) is known as carboxyhemoglobin when combined with carbon dioxide 
C) plays a critical role in determining the amount of O₂ exchanged between alveoli and blood 
D) has characteristics a and c 
E) has all of the above characteristics 
A) combines preferentially with O₂ over any other substance 
B) is known as carboxyhemoglobin when combined with carbon dioxide 
C) plays a critical role in determining the amount of O₂ exchanged between alveoli and blood 
D) has characteristics a and c 
E) has all of the above characteristics

Question 14

Expiratory neurons

Accepted Answer

A) are found in both the DRG and VRG 
B) send impulses to the expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing 
C) are stimulated by the phrenic nerve 
D) are stimulated by the apneustic area 
E) are inactive during quiet breathing 
A) are found in both the DRG and VRG 
B) send impulses to the expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing 
C) are stimulated by the phrenic nerve 
D) are stimulated by the apneustic area 
E) are inactive during quiet breathing

Question 15

Which of the following promotes elastic recoil of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) Elastic fibers in the lung 
B) Surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli 
C) Pulmonary surfactant 
D) Both a and b 
E) All of the above 
A) Elastic fibers in the lung 
B) Surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli 
C) Pulmonary surfactant 
D) Both a and b 
E) All of the above

Question 16

The receptors that are stimulated by a large drop in the blood $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ level are located in

Accepted Answer

A) the respiratory center of the brain 
B) carotid and aortic bodies 
C) tissue capillaries 
D) both b and c 
E) all of the above 
A) the respiratory center of the brain 
B) carotid and aortic bodies 
C) tissue capillaries 
D) both b and c 
E) all of the above

Question 17

The apneustic center

Accepted Answer

A) is located in the medulla 
B) stimulates the inspiratory neurons 
C) inhibits inspiratory activity 
D) stimulates the pneumotaxic area 
E) performs c and d 
A) is located in the medulla 
B) stimulates the inspiratory neurons 
C) inhibits inspiratory activity 
D) stimulates the pneumotaxic area 
E) performs c and d

Question 18

In the plateau region of the Hb-O? curve, a large decrease in $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ results in a small decrease in Hb saturation, whereas in the steep portion of the curve, a small decrease in $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ results in a large decrease in percent Hb saturation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The partial pressure of a gas in blood depends on the amount that is physically dissolved and not on the total content of the gas present in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The inspiratory and expiratory neurons both display pacemaker activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The work of breathing normally requires about 3% of total energy expenditure; this increases under all of the following situations except when

During inspiration,

What is the primary form in which CO₂ is transported in the blood?

Which of the following does not occur during expiration when a person is breathing quietly?

Describe the location and importance of the following to various patterns of breathing: DRG, VRG, pre-Bötzinger complex, apneustic area, and pneumotaxic area.

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome is caused by an excess of pulmonary surfactant.

According to Fick's Law, gas diffuses faster through a thin respiratory membrane than through a thicker respiratory membrane.

When the diaphragm contracts,

Under normal conditions, intrapleural pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure.

The VRG consists of and neurons.

Compliance refers specifically to the

Hemoglobin

Expiratory neurons

Which of the following promotes elastic recoil of the lungs?

The receptors that are stimulated by a large drop in the blood $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ level are located in

The apneustic center

The partial pressure of a gas in blood depends on the amount that is physically dissolved and not on the total content of the gas present in the blood.

The inspiratory and expiratory neurons both display pacemaker activity.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

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Exam 13: The Respiratory System

The work of breathing normally requires about 3% of total energy expenditure; this increases under all of the following situations except when

During inspiration,

What is the primary form in which CO₂ is transported in the blood?

Which of the following does not occur during expiration when a person is breathing quietly?

Describe the location and importance of the following to various patterns of breathing: DRG, VRG, pre-Bötzinger complex, apneustic area, and pneumotaxic area.

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome is caused by an excess of pulmonary surfactant.

According to Fick's Law, gas diffuses faster through a thin respiratory membrane than through a thicker respiratory membrane.

When the diaphragm contracts,

Under normal conditions, intrapleural pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure.

The VRG consists of ____________________ and ____________________ neurons.

Compliance refers specifically to the

Hemoglobin

Expiratory neurons

Which of the following promotes elastic recoil of the lungs?

The receptors that are stimulated by a large drop in the blood PO2\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }PO2​​ level are located in

The apneustic center

The partial pressure of a gas in blood depends on the amount that is physically dissolved and not on the total content of the gas present in the blood.

The inspiratory and expiratory neurons both display pacemaker activity.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

The VRG consists of and neurons.

The receptors that are stimulated by a large drop in the blood $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ level are located in