Exam 13: The Respiratory System

In the breathing cycle, the atmospheric pressure normally does not change.

Normal expiration is brought on by

The primary factor that determines the percent Hb saturation is the ____________________.

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -Maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold

Expiration is always a passive process.

Indicate which chemical factor is responsible for the effect described. a.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ between 60 to 100 mm Hg b.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ less than 60 mm Hg c.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ increased above normal d.brain ECF H+ increased above normal e.arterial H+ increased above normal -Directly stimulates the central chemoreceptors and represents the dominant control of ventilation

When relaxing, the diaphragm moves ____________________(up or down?), resulting in a(n) (increase or decrease?) in thoracic pressure.

O₂ levels are much more closely regulated than CO₂ levels in the arterial blood.

If the tidal volume is 500 ml and the anatomic dead space volume is 150 ml, only 350 ml of air enters the alveoli during inspiration.

At the end of a normal expiration, when outward air flow has ceased,

If 20% of the air is composed of O₂, the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude of 20,000 feet where atmospheric pressure is 350 mm Hg is

Well-ventilated alveoli usually receive more blood flow than more poorly-ventilated alveoli.

The minimum volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration is termed the

Increased ventilation that matches an increased metabolic demand, such as the increase need for O₂ delivery and CO₂ elimination during exercise, is termed _______.

The subjective sensation of not getting enough air is known as ____________________.

Carbonic anhydrase

Identify the factor(s) that would increase Hb's affinity for carbon dioxide in a red blood cell.

Arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ remains normal or may even increase slightly during exercise despite the fact that O? consumption by the tissues is greatly increased.

The residual volume is

Contraction of the ____________________ intercostal muscles elevates the ribs.