Exam 13: The Respiratory System

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

The amount of oxygen unloaded from Hb at the tissue level increases when

Type I alveolar cells

When inspiratory neurons stop firing, the expiratory muscles will contract.

Intrapleural pressure exceeds airway pressure

The atmospheric, or ____________________, pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the air in the atmosphere.

Indicate the effect the following changes would have on the rate of gas transfer using the following answer code. a.Increases the rate of gas transfer b.Decreases the rate of gas transfer c.Has no effect on the rate of gas transfer -Effect of a fall in atmospheric $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ on O₂ exchange within the lungs

The tidal volume is the sum of the vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and inspiratory reserve volume.

Receptors in the CNS that detect changes in arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ are actually sensitive to the H? concentration of the brain extracellular fluid.

Both the respiratory system and the circulatory system are involved in the process of respiration.

____________________ refers to air flow between adjacent alveoli through the pores of Kohn.

Intrapleural pressure would suddenly _______ (increase or decrease?) if a person experiences a pneumothorax just as he/she completes normal expiration.

The quantity of air that will flow into and out of the lungs depends solely on the radius of the respiratory airways.

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -Volume of air that can be expired during the first second of expiration in a vital-capacity determination

Pulmonary surfactant decreases surface tension to a greater degree in large alveoli than in small alveoli.

Indicate which chemical factor is responsible for the effect described. a.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ between 60 to 100 mm Hg b.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ less than 60 mm Hg c.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ increased above normal d.brain ECF H+ increased above normal e.arterial H+ increased above normal -Has no effect on the peripheral chemoreceptors

Alveolar $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ is higher following inspiration than following expiration.

A drop in the oxygen levels in arterial blood __________________ (increases or decreases?) central chemoreceptor activity.

Pulmonary surfactant reduces the work of breathing and increases lung stability by increasing alveolar surface tension.

Pores of Kohn permit air flow between adjacent alveoli, a process known as collateral ventilation.