Exam 13: The Respiratory System

At the end of inspiration and at the end of expiration, intra-alveolar pressure is always equal to atmospheric pressure.

The "negative" intrapleural pressure, when compared to atmospheric pressure, maintains lung inflation.

The intrapleural cavity is located inside the lungs.

____________________ ions shift into the red blood cells to maintain electric neutrality when HCO₃⁻ moves out of the cells down its concentration gradient.

Indicate which chemical factor is responsible for the effect described. a.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ between 60 to 100 mm Hg b.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ less than 60 mm Hg c.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ increased above normal d.brain ECF H+ increased above normal e.arterial H+ increased above normal -Stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors and is important in the regulation of acid-base balance

A slight decrease in arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ below normal is a more potent stimulus toward increasing respiration than is a slight increase in $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ above normal.

The respiratory airways filter, warm, and humidify incoming air.

If a person is breathing rapidly, it is safe to assume that he or she is getting adequate ventilation.

The ____________________ is a double-walled, closed sac that separates each lung from the thoracic wall and other surrounding structures.

The plateau portion of the O?-Hb curve

The respiratory quotient is the ratio of ____________________ to ____________________.

Pulmonary surfactant contributes to lung stability by _______________ (increasing or decreasing?) surface tension.

Systemic arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ is greater than tissue $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ .

The most profound changes in thoracic volume can be accomplished by contraction of the ____________________.

Pulmonary surfactant increases alveolar surface tension but does not affect lung expansion.

Indicate which chemical factor is responsible for the effect described. a.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ between 60 to 100 mm Hg b.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ less than 60 mm Hg c.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ increased above normal d.brain ECF H+ increased above normal e.arterial H+ increased above normal -Weakly stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptors

Which condition would result in the lowest alveolar ventilation rate?

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine release lead to an increase in airway resistance.

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -Amount of air breathed in and out in one minute

The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins is