Exam 13: The Respiratory System

When the level of blood flow is not ideally matched with the amount of airflow in a localized area of lung tissue,

The apneustic and pneumotaxic centers are located in the ____________________ (specific part of brain).

A highly compliant lung is easier to stretch than a less compliant one.

____________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.

Red blood cells in which of the following would likely contain the highest concentration of chloride ions in their cytoplasm?

The partial pressure of oxygen

Indicate which chemical factor is responsible for the effect described. a.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ between 60 to 100 mm Hg b.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } }$ less than 60 mm Hg c.arterial $\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }$ increased above normal d.brain ECF H+ increased above normal e.arterial H+ increased above normal -Stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors as an emergency mechanism

The pleural cavity normally is not in direct communication with the atmosphere.

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of the oxyhemoglobin.

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -Number ____ on the figure at the left identifies the structure most affected in asthma, and it is called a(n) ____________________.

All respiratory airways are held open by cartilaginous rings.

Which type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by a breakdown of alveolar walls and collapse of the smaller airways?

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -Volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration

The abdominal muscles are expiratory muscles.

A(n) ____________________ pressure across the chest wall influences lung movements.

______(Hypo or Hyper?)ventilation would ______ (increase or decrease?) the level of carbon dioxide in the blood, and this would decrease the activity of the carotid bodies.

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -Maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath

Indicate which lung volume or capacity is being described in the column below by filling in the appropriate letter in the blank. a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV1 d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -The maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration

Respiration is reflexively inhibited by alkalosis caused by a reduction in concentration of non-carbon-dioxide-generated H⁺.

Indicate the effect the following changes would have on the rate of gas transfer using the following answer code. a.Increases the rate of gas transfer b.Decreases the rate of gas transfer c.Has no effect on the rate of gas transfer -Effect of pulmonary fibrosis on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs