Exam 22: A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

The cardiac output of the left ventricle is greater than the cardiac output of the right ventricle.

Hypoxic conditions act as the major stimulant to chemoreceptors.

The capillaries perform the transport function of the circulatory system.

Bleeding that occurs at a relatively slow,steady rate would indicate that the damaged blood vessel is most likely a vein.

If fluid were collecting at the venous end of a capillary,it could be caused by either a drop in hydrostatic pressure or an increase in osmotic pressure.

During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation,both the semilunar valves and the AV valves are closed.

The stress-relaxation effect occurs in all blood vessels but is most important in the arteries.

If the heart rate drops and the stroke volume increases,cardiac output will always show a decrease.

At rest,most of the body's blood supply resides in the pulmonary loop.

The term ischemia refers to abnormal heart sounds.

The atrial natriuretic hormone mechanism promotes water retention,thus increasing total plasma volume.

Heart sounds are made by the closing of AV and semilunar valves.

In general,as stroke volume goes up,ejection fraction goes up.

Blood osmotic pressure and blood hydrostatic pressure are opposing forces in terms of moving fluid into and out of the circulatory system.

The arterial pulse is caused by the ventricles of the heart; the venous pulse is caused by the atria of the heart.

Arterial blood pressure is inversely related to blood volume.

To stop arterial bleeding,pressure must be applied between the damaged artery and the heart.

Under abnormal conditions,the AV node or the Purkinje fibers may act as ectopic pacemakers.

A U wave on an ECG is an indication of damage to ventricular myocardial cells.

In order for all the cells of the body to survive,blood supplies to all cells must be equal.