Exam 22: A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Hemodynamics is the term used to describe a collection of mechanisms that influence the active and changing circulation of the blood.

Tachycardia refers to a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

The cardiac cycle is one complete heartbeat.

An increase in aldosterone would cause an increase in blood volume.

The Fick law of the heart says that,within limits,the longer the heart fibers are at the beginning of a contraction,the stronger the contraction will be.

SV (stroke volume)´ HR (heart rate)= CO (cardiac output).

Blood viscosity is highly variable in healthy individuals under resting conditions.

Operation of the Starling law ensures that when the amount of blood returned to the heart is increased,stroke volume automatically increases to pump it out.

The interarterial bundles divide into right and left bundle branches.

The resting cardiac output from the left ventricle is about 5 liters.

Stroke volume and systolic discharge mean the same thing.

Diastasis is a term used to describe a longer period of slow ventricular filling as ventricular diastole ends.

A heart murmur is one type of abnormal sound.

The blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions are both important factors promoting the return of venous blood to the heart.

Diastasis is associated with the rapid filling of the ventricles.

ANH and ADH work synergistically to increase total blood volume.

In electrocardiography,only the contraction of the cardiac muscle causes a deflection.

A larger than normal U wave could indicate a high level of potassium in the blood.

Acetylcholine can increase the strength of contractions and therefore increase ejection fraction.

Because the ECG is not a direct measure of contraction,an ECG deflection could be recorded without the actual contraction of the heart muscle occurring.