Exam 22: A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Local vasodilation or reactive hyperemia can be caused by the release of endothelin by the blood vessels.

Cardiac output is determined by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

The AV bundles and the Purkinje fibers refer to the same structures.

Pulse is defined as the alternate expansion and recoil of an artery.

In order for Korotkoff sounds to be heard,the cuff pressure must stay above systolic pressure.

Passive ventricular filling occurs immediately after isovolumetric ventricular contraction.

The sinoatrial node is in the right atrium where the superior vena cava attaches.

Grief tends to make the heart beat faster.

Velocity of blood is relatively constant as blood flows from the aorta toward the capillaries.

The P wave is named as such because it measures a positive deflection in the ECG.

Congestive heart failure causes fluid to accumulate in the lung due to the inability of the right side of the heart to generate a forceful contraction.

By the time the blood reaches the venous end of the capillaries,the pressure on the blood has reached 0 mm Hg.

The AV node of the heart is known as the pacemaker.

The T wave reflects repolarization of the atria.

The Purkinje fibers actually stimulate the ventricles to contract.

Hydrostatic pressure tends to decrease from the arterial end of the capillary to the venous end of the capillary.

Because the circulatory system is a closed system filled with fluid,the pulse wave is felt at the same time in any part of the body.

The vasomotor control mechanism regulates changes in the diameter of arteries.

Emotional stress can influence heart rate by creating impulses that go from the cerebrum to the cardiac centers via the hypothalamus.

Pacemaker cells in the heart possess intrinsic rhythm.