Exam 8: Causal Research Design: Experimentation

True experimental designs include ________ and ________.

________ variables are variables that are manipulated by the researcher and whose effects are measured and compared.

A field environment is an artificial setting for experimentation in which the researcher constructs the desired conditions.

________ takes place when the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.

A ________ involves measurement of behavior, attitudes, or perceptions in the environment in which they occur.

Individuals, organizations, or other entities whose responses to independent variables or treatments are being studied are called ________.

In the virtual world, it is more complex but much less costly to manipulate the independent variable and control for mediating variables than it is in the real world.

According to the text, a(n) ________ is the group exposed to the manipulated independent variable.

The ________ is not exposed to the independent variable manipulation but provides a point of comparison when examining the effects of these manipulations on the dependent variable.

The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group, the subjects are not assigned randomly, and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

________ allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

Responses given because the respondents attempt to guess the purpose of the experiment and respond accordingly are called demand artifacts.

Statistical designs allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

Internal validity refers to whether the cause-and-effect relationships found in the experiment remain the same when replicated in a larger population.

Validity takes place when the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.

According to the text, factorial designs are the most common statistical designs.

In an after-the-fact examination of a situation, we can confidently rule out all other causal factors.

________ are distinguished by the fact that the researcher can randomly assign test units to experimental groups and also randomly assign treatments to experimental groups.

Responses given because the respondents attempt to guess the purpose of the experiment and respond accordingly are called ________.

Concomitant variation occurs when the presumed cause and presumed effect are both present and both vary in a manner predicted by the researcher's hypothesis.