Exam 9: Language and Thought

In English, two sentences can have difference surface structures but the same deep structures.

Children generally speak their first word when they are approximately:

The practical knowledge used to comprehend a speaker's intentions and produce an effective response is called:

In the words "running," "jumping," and "eating," the "ing" ending is an example of a:

When people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone, they are displaying the:

Means-ends analysis, ____________________, and searching for analogies are all different types of problem-solving heuristics.

Evan had replaced his lawnmower's spark plug to get it running smoothly.When his car started running poorly, he remembered the lawnmower and tried changing his car's spark plugs.His strategy was most representative of:

A child who was amused that the words ice and mice are similar.The similarity is in terms of:

The adaptive value of heuristics is that they:

Functional fixedness refers to a tendency to:

Last year five-year-old Katrina would say, "No he going," when she was explaining to her younger sister that the dog had to stay at home.Now, Katrina will tell her sister, "He's not going." This example illustrates that Katrina has made a gain in her use of:

Some researchers have found activation of the right cerebral hemisphere, and the hippocampus in particular, is associated with:

The sentence "Racing cars can be dangerous" can be interpreted in at least two very different ways.This sentence has:

Problems that have unspecified goals, unclear starting points, or no effective means of evaluation are called:

The term ____________________ refers to the tendency for people to see objects and their functions in specific and typical ways.

Overall, heuristics are maladaptive because they are time-consuming and often lead to irrational decisions.

In one study, people were asked whether English words that begin with the letter "k" were more common than English words with "k" as the third letter.Most people incorrectly stated that words beginning with the letter "k" were more common.This may have occurred because it is relatively easy to think of words that start with the letter "k" and relatively difficult to think of words with "k" as the third letter.The results of this study support the view that people often use:

The term ____________________ refers to the processes that underlie the mental manipulation of knowledge, usually in an attempt to reach a goal or solve a problem.

Problems are ____________________ if they have unspecified goals, unclear starting points, or no effective means of evaluation.

Jackie is baking bread for the first time, and she carefully follows the step-by-step directions provided in her cookbook.In this case, Jackie is using: