Exam 9: Language and Thought

Psychologists who have studied the phenomenon of problem-solving insight have found that only humans reliably show evidence of insight in reaching problem solutions.

The practical knowledge used to comprehend the intentions of a speaker to produce an effective response is called ____________________.

A language's ____________________ refers to the rules governing the meaning that is derived from words and sentences.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem-solving heuristic?

People use ____________________ and adjustment when they make judgments based on the difference between the event in question and an initial starting estimate.

A language's ____________________ refers to the rules governing the order of words in sentences.

The processes that underlie the mental manipulation of knowledge, usually in an attempt to reach a goal or solve a problem, are called:

The English word dough has how many phonemes?

Corey was serving on a jury in a criminal case, and the jury reached a unanimous "not guilty" verdict.Several months later, some additional evidence came to light that strongly suggested that the defendant was, in fact, guilty of the crime in question.Corey is still not convinced by the new evidence and claims he wouldn't have voted guilty, even if the new information had been presented during the trial.In this example, Corey is showing evidence of:

A person who tends to rely on "tried and true" problem-solving strategies that have been successful in the past is likely to show evidence of functional fixedness.

The defining features view of object classification works well for natural objects but breaks down for mathematical categories, such as "square" or "triangle."

Describing the square, hard, four-legged, flat surface in your kitchen as "great-great-grandmother Randall's 100-year-old oak table" would be an example of:

When people use the anchoring and adjustment heuristic to make judgments, they base their judgments on:

The cat chased the lizard.The lizard was chased by the cat.These two sentences share the same:

Collier is leafing through a stack of questionnaires that have been completed by adult males in a research study.One respondent has listed his height as 6 feet, 5 inches, but the occupation is difficult to read.It might be basketball player or bank president.Collier decides it must be basketball player and enters that information into the computer.In this case, Collier has probably based his decision on:

If wings, feathers, and a beak are required for something to be a bird, category membership is based on:

The chess instructor told his student, "To win, control the center of the board." His instructions represent:

Algorithms are:

Categories are:

The coach told Bob's father, "He can't dribble, shoot, defend, or even keep his shoes tied!" and showed him the year's statistics.Even so, Bob's father still thinks Bob has a career in professional basketball.This represents: