Question 1

With respect to language, semantics refers to the meaning contained in the words of sentences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

You expect a class will be hard if the instructor says 35% of the class will get Ds or Fs, but not if the instructor says 65% will get a C or higher.Your expectations illustrate the importance of:

Accepted Answer

A) the availability heuristic 
B) belief persistence 
C) mental set 
D) framing 
A) the availability heuristic 
B) belief persistence 
C) mental set 
D) framing

Question 3

Maribel is on a jury and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty.She listens very attentively to everything the defense attorneys have to say, but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence.In this instance, Maribel is showing evidence of:

Accepted Answer

A) a confirmation bias 
B) the framing effect 
C) functional fixedness 
D) the availability heuristic 
A) a confirmation bias 
B) the framing effect 
C) functional fixedness 
D) the availability heuristic

Question 4

When children overgeneralize language rules, they create only correct or grammatical sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In general, toddlers can:

Accepted Answer

A) say more words than they actually understand 
B) say and understand the same number of words 
C) understand more words than they can say 
D) understand verbs better than nouns 
A) say more words than they actually understand 
B) say and understand the same number of words 
C) understand more words than they can say 
D) understand verbs better than nouns

Question 6

In category hierarchies, superordinates:

Accepted Answer

A) are highly descriptive and contain a high number of features 
B) are the category levels that children first learn to use 
C) are not very descriptive and contain only a few features 
D) provide a balance between the basic and intermediate levels 
A) are highly descriptive and contain a high number of features 
B) are the category levels that children first learn to use 
C) are not very descriptive and contain only a few features 
D) provide a balance between the basic and intermediate levels

Question 7

Some researchers have found that moments of insight are correlated with activation of:

Accepted Answer

A) the left cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the hypothalamus in particular 
B) the right cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the hippocampus in particular 
C) the left cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the reticular formation in particular 
D) the right cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the tectum in particular 
A) the left cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the hypothalamus in particular 
B) the right cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the hippocampus in particular 
C) the left cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the reticular formation in particular 
D) the right cerebral hemisphere, and perhaps the tectum in particular

Question 8

Working backward is a problem-solving heuristic that requires:

Accepted Answer

A) devising actions to reduce the gap between the current point in the problem and the desired goal 
B) trying to find a connection between the current problem and some previous problem 
C) attempting various problem solutions sequentially until a successful solution is found 
D) starting at the goal state and moving toward the current point in the problem 
A) devising actions to reduce the gap between the current point in the problem and the desired goal 
B) trying to find a connection between the current problem and some previous problem 
C) attempting various problem solutions sequentially until a successful solution is found 
D) starting at the goal state and moving toward the current point in the problem

Question 9

Algorithms are well-defined, step-by-step, problem-solving strategies or procedures that guarantee a solution will be found for a problem, if a solution exists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Means-ends analysis is a good problem-solving heuristic to use when:

Accepted Answer

A) there are numerous options at the start of a problem, but there will be few options at the end 
B) both the starting point and the ending point for the problem are poorly defined 
C) the problem can be broken down into a series of subproblems or subgoals 
D) all the other heuristics have failed to produce workable solutions 
A) there are numerous options at the start of a problem, but there will be few options at the end 
B) both the starting point and the ending point for the problem are poorly defined 
C) the problem can be broken down into a series of subproblems or subgoals 
D) all the other heuristics have failed to produce workable solutions

Question 11

When a child first understands the difference between "give" and "take," he or she has made a gain in his or her understanding of:

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) semantics 
C) morphology 
D) syntax 
A) phonology 
B) semantics 
C) morphology 
D) syntax

Question 12

The surface structure of a sentence refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the underlying representation or meaning in a sentence 
B) the literal arrangement of words within a sentence 
C) the sentence's truthfulness of validity 
D) the pragmatic rules used to generate the sentence 
A) the underlying representation or meaning in a sentence 
B) the literal arrangement of words within a sentence 
C) the sentence's truthfulness of validity 
D) the pragmatic rules used to generate the sentence

Question 13

A tendency to only see objects and their potential uses in typical ways is called:

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness 
B) belief persistence 
C) the availability heuristic 
D) representativeness 
A) functional fixedness 
B) belief persistence 
C) the availability heuristic 
D) representativeness

Question 14

The word "dzisiejszym" would be recognized as a foreign word by an English speaker because the word structure violates the rules of English:

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) syntax 
C) semantics 
D) pragmatics 
A) phonology 
B) syntax 
C) semantics 
D) pragmatics

Question 15

When an individual must evaluate and choose from among a set of alternatives, he or she is engaged in the process of:

Accepted Answer

A) problem solving 
B) heuristic reasoning 
C) searching for analogies 
D) decision making 
A) problem solving 
B) heuristic reasoning 
C) searching for analogies 
D) decision making

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of an ill-defined problem?

Accepted Answer

A) an easy way to test the effectiveness of the solution 
B) a clear starting point 
C) heuristic algorithms 
D) unspecified goals 
A) an easy way to test the effectiveness of the solution 
B) a clear starting point 
C) heuristic algorithms 
D) unspecified goals

Question 17

During the telegraphic speech stage of language development, children first demonstrate an understanding of:

Accepted Answer

A) syntax 
B) phonology 
C) morphology 
D) semantics 
A) syntax 
B) phonology 
C) morphology 
D) semantics

Question 18

Cooing refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A) repetition of vowel sounds 
B) repetition of vowel-consonant combinations 
C) first vocalizations specific to a native language 
D) combining words in order with some parts of speech omitted 
A) repetition of vowel sounds 
B) repetition of vowel-consonant combinations 
C) first vocalizations specific to a native language 
D) combining words in order with some parts of speech omitted

Question 19

The availability heuristic implies that people will tend to:

Accepted Answer

A) overestimate the frequency of events that are difficult to recall 
B) make accurate estimates when events are easier to recall 
C) underestimate the frequency of events that are easy to recall 
D) overestimate the frequency of events that are easy to recall 
A) overestimate the frequency of events that are difficult to recall 
B) make accurate estimates when events are easier to recall 
C) underestimate the frequency of events that are easy to recall 
D) overestimate the frequency of events that are easy to recall

Question 20

Cindy once used a book as a doorstop.She was NOT suffering from which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A) anchoring 
B) representativeness heuristic 
C) functional fixedness 
D) availability heuristic 
A) anchoring 
B) representativeness heuristic 
C) functional fixedness 
D) availability heuristic

With respect to language, semantics refers to the meaning contained in the words of sentences.

You expect a class will be hard if the instructor says 35% of the class will get Ds or Fs, but not if the instructor says 65% will get a C or higher.Your expectations illustrate the importance of:

When children overgeneralize language rules, they create only correct or grammatical sequences.

In general, toddlers can:

In category hierarchies, superordinates:

Some researchers have found that moments of insight are correlated with activation of:

Working backward is a problem-solving heuristic that requires:

Algorithms are well-defined, step-by-step, problem-solving strategies or procedures that guarantee a solution will be found for a problem, if a solution exists.

Means-ends analysis is a good problem-solving heuristic to use when:

When a child first understands the difference between "give" and "take," he or she has made a gain in his or her understanding of:

The surface structure of a sentence refers to:

A tendency to only see objects and their potential uses in typical ways is called:

The word "dzisiejszym" would be recognized as a foreign word by an English speaker because the word structure violates the rules of English:

When an individual must evaluate and choose from among a set of alternatives, he or she is engaged in the process of:

Which of the following is a characteristic of an ill-defined problem?

During the telegraphic speech stage of language development, children first demonstrate an understanding of:

Cooing refers to the:

The availability heuristic implies that people will tend to:

Cindy once used a book as a doorstop.She was NOT suffering from which of the following:

Introduction to Psychology

The Tools of Psychological Research

Biological Processes

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning From Experience

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Stress and Health

Filters

Exam 9: Language and Thought

With respect to language, semantics refers to the meaning contained in the words of sentences.

You expect a class will be hard if the instructor says 35% of the class will get Ds or Fs, but not if the instructor says 65% will get a C or higher.Your expectations illustrate the importance of:

When children overgeneralize language rules, they create only correct or grammatical sequences.

In general, toddlers can:

In category hierarchies, superordinates:

Some researchers have found that moments of insight are correlated with activation of:

Working backward is a problem-solving heuristic that requires:

Algorithms are well-defined, step-by-step, problem-solving strategies or procedures that guarantee a solution will be found for a problem, if a solution exists.

Means-ends analysis is a good problem-solving heuristic to use when:

When a child first understands the difference between "give" and "take," he or she has made a gain in his or her understanding of:

The surface structure of a sentence refers to:

A tendency to only see objects and their potential uses in typical ways is called:

The word "dzisiejszym" would be recognized as a foreign word by an English speaker because the word structure violates the rules of English:

When an individual must evaluate and choose from among a set of alternatives, he or she is engaged in the process of:

Which of the following is a characteristic of an ill-defined problem?

During the telegraphic speech stage of language development, children first demonstrate an understanding of:

Cooing refers to the:

The availability heuristic implies that people will tend to:

Cindy once used a book as a doorstop.She was NOT suffering from which of the following:

Introduction to Psychology

The Tools of Psychological Research

Biological Processes

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning From Experience

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Stress and Health

Filters