Question 1

When a nipple is placed in a newborn baby's mouth, the infant will immediately begin to suckle. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) imprinted behavior. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) innate behavior. 
D) imitation. 
A) imprinted behavior. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) innate behavior. 
D) imitation.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of agonistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) A dog raises its hackles, bares its teeth, and stands tall to appear threatening. 
B) A honeybee does a waggle dance to indicate the direction of food. 
C) A male ruffed grouse spreads its tail and beats its wings to attract a female. 
D) Ants mark their trails by releasing pheromones. 
A) A dog raises its hackles, bares its teeth, and stands tall to appear threatening. 
B) A honeybee does a waggle dance to indicate the direction of food. 
C) A male ruffed grouse spreads its tail and beats its wings to attract a female. 
D) Ants mark their trails by releasing pheromones.

Question 3

You are told that the song of males among a particular songbird species has an innate component but is also largely learned. Nestling males imprint on their father's song and then sing it themselves when they reach sexual maturity. Which of the following observations would lead you to doubt this information?

Accepted Answer

A) A male chick reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song. 
B) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of his species' song grows up to sing normally. 
C) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of a different species' song grows up to sing that species' song. 
D) A male chick fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species. 
A) A male chick reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song. 
B) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of his species' song grows up to sing normally. 
C) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of a different species' song grows up to sing that species' song. 
D) A male chick fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species.

Question 4

In some social insects, there are individuals that do not mate or may not be fertile but help look after other members of their group. Which statement regarding this situation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no way that natural selection can act on the genes of nonreproducers since they do not leave offspring. 
B) The ultimate cause of this behavior is the need to keep their group safe. 
C) By protecting relatives, the nonreproducers increase the probability that their genes will be passed to the next generation. 
D) Lack of mating is an agonistic behavior. 
A) There is no way that natural selection can act on the genes of nonreproducers since they do not leave offspring. 
B) The ultimate cause of this behavior is the need to keep their group safe. 
C) By protecting relatives, the nonreproducers increase the probability that their genes will be passed to the next generation. 
D) Lack of mating is an agonistic behavior.

Question 5

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
In examining the effects of atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the world, scientists studied the mating behavior of male frogs exposed to atrazine (Atr) compared to a group that was not exposed (Non). The results are shown in the figure.
  
-Part B indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) atrazine is an endocrine disrupter. 
B) trazine-treated males are more successful in mating than nontreated males. 
C) there were fewer atrazine-treated males than nontreated males. 
D) atrazine males are unable to mate. 
A) atrazine is an endocrine disrupter. 
B) trazine-treated males are more successful in mating than nontreated males. 
C) there were fewer atrazine-treated males than nontreated males. 
D) atrazine males are unable to mate.

Question 6

Many rats were tested for their ability to learn to navigate a maze. The average number of errors, for a total of 14 trials, was 64 per rat. The rats that made the fewest errors were bred to each other, and the offspring were tested in a similar way. This process was repeated for seven generations, at which point the average number of errors for 14 trials was 36. This experiment demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A) learned behavior cannot be inherited. 
B) maze-learning ability has a genetic basis. 
C) maze-learning ability depends mainly on early contact with adept parents. 
D) natural selection has a role in the evolution of fixed action patterns but not in the evolution of behavior involving learning. 
A) learned behavior cannot be inherited. 
B) maze-learning ability has a genetic basis. 
C) maze-learning ability depends mainly on early contact with adept parents. 
D) natural selection has a role in the evolution of fixed action patterns but not in the evolution of behavior involving learning.

Question 7

The sending of, reception of, and response to signals constitute animal

Accepted Answer

A) cost-benefit analysis. 
B) communication. 
C) problem solving. 
D) associative learning. 
A) cost-benefit analysis. 
B) communication. 
C) problem solving. 
D) associative learning.

Question 8

Cross-fostering experiments with Norway rat pups showed that in their response to stress,

Accepted Answer

A) environment was the critical factor, not genetics. 
B) genetics was the only important factor. 
C) both genetics and the environment played a clear role. 
D) cross-fostered pups resembled their biological mothers more than their foster mothers. 
A) environment was the critical factor, not genetics. 
B) genetics was the only important factor. 
C) both genetics and the environment played a clear role. 
D) cross-fostered pups resembled their biological mothers more than their foster mothers.

Question 9

In England, at a time when milk was still delivered to doorsteps each morning in foil-capped glass bottles, a songbird called the great tit started pecking through the caps and drinking the cream in the necks of the bottles. This behavior spread through the great tit population in a matter of years. The emergence and spread of this behavior probably depended on

Accepted Answer

A) trial-and-error learning plus habituation. 
B) trial-and-error learning plus social learning. 
C) trial-and-error learning plus imprinting. 
D) habituation plus social learning. 
A) trial-and-error learning plus habituation. 
B) trial-and-error learning plus social learning. 
C) trial-and-error learning plus imprinting. 
D) habituation plus social learning.

Question 10

Which of the following conclusions is supported by this graph?

Accepted Answer

A) Prey size does not affect the number of calories gained per second of handling time by wagtails. 
B) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with larger flies than with smaller ones. 
C) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with smaller flies than with larger ones. 
D) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with 7-mm flies than with either larger or smaller ones. 
A) Prey size does not affect the number of calories gained per second of handling time by wagtails. 
B) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with larger flies than with smaller ones. 
C) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with smaller flies than with larger ones. 
D) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with 7-mm flies than with either larger or smaller ones.

Question 11

Which of the following situations represents an example of territorial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Digger wasps are able to recognize the pattern of landmarks around their nests. 
B) Sow bugs become more active and move around randomly if they find themselves in a dry area. 
C) Gannets breed in dense colonies. Each gannet defends the area within the beak's reach of its nest, but gannets feeding at sea are indifferent to each other. 
D) Troops of monkey species use well-defined, widely overlapping ranges. Troops avoid encountering each other and are aggressive if they meet. 
A) Digger wasps are able to recognize the pattern of landmarks around their nests. 
B) Sow bugs become more active and move around randomly if they find themselves in a dry area. 
C) Gannets breed in dense colonies. Each gannet defends the area within the beak's reach of its nest, but gannets feeding at sea are indifferent to each other. 
D) Troops of monkey species use well-defined, widely overlapping ranges. Troops avoid encountering each other and are aggressive if they meet.

Question 12

From a sociobiological perspective, altruism is a behavior that

Accepted Answer

A) does not have a genetic basis. 
B) has the potential to enhance the altruist's fitness at a later point in time. 
C) will always be selected against. 
D) occurs only in the social insects. 
A) does not have a genetic basis. 
B) has the potential to enhance the altruist's fitness at a later point in time. 
C) will always be selected against. 
D) occurs only in the social insects.

Exam 35: Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

When a nipple is placed in a newborn baby's mouth, the infant will immediately begin to suckle. This is an example of

Which of the following is an example of agonistic behavior?

In some social insects, there are individuals that do not mate or may not be fertile but help look after other members of their group. Which statement regarding this situation is true?

The sending of, reception of, and response to signals constitute animal

Cross-fostering experiments with Norway rat pups showed that in their response to stress,

Which of the following conclusions is supported by this graph?

Which of the following situations represents an example of territorial behavior?

From a sociobiological perspective, altruism is a behavior that

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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